Wothamanga wotchuka Arrhichion wochokera ku Phigaleia kumwera kwa Greece anamwalira mu 564 BC. Chr. pa Masewera a Olimpiki polimbana ndi mdani wake. Komabe, iye anapambana maseŵera ogwetsana. Anatha kuthyola mwendo wake panthawi yomaliza. Pamene mdani wake anamasula chikole chake chifukwa cha ululu ndi kusiya, kunali kuchedwa kale kwa moyo wa Arrhichion.

Mzimu wa Olympus: Mwakonzeka Kufera Chigonjetso Chanu?

Kufufuza kofalitsidwa mu 1980 kunafunsa othamanga oposa 1993 kuti: “Kodi mungamwe mapiritsi ngati angakupangitseni kukhala ngwazi ya Olympic koma kufa nawo patatha chaka?” Oposa theka la othamanga anayankha kuti inde. Kufufuza kofananako kwa XNUMX kwa othamanga apamwamba m’maseŵera osiyanasiyana kunapeza chinthu chomwecho (Goldman ndi Klatz, Imfa mu Locker Room II. Chicago, Elite Sports Medicine Publications, 1992, pp. 1-6, 23-24, 29-39).

Zowopsa za doping zimatsimikizira kuti mayankho awa sangathetsedwe kwathunthu. M’maseŵera ampikisano, othamanga ambiri amalolera kuika thanzi lawo pangozi kuti apambane. Nangano, n’chifukwa chiyani maseŵera a Olimpiki amadziŵika kuti ndi olimbikitsa makhalidwe abwino m’dzikoli?

Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937), tate wa Maseŵera a Olimpiki amakono, anati: “Maseŵera a Olimpiki a nthaŵi zakale ndi amakono ali ndi mbali imodzi yofunika yofanana: ali chipembedzo. Pamene wothamanga anapanga thupi lake kupyolera mu maphunziro a maseŵera monga ngati wosema amapangira chiboliboli, anali kulemekeza milungu. Wothamanga wamakono amalemekeza dziko lake, anthu ake ndi mbendera yake. Chotero ndikuganiza kuti ndinali wolondola kugwirizanitsa kuyambikanso kwa Masewera a Olimpiki ndi malingaliro achipembedzo kuyambira pachiyambi. Zitha kusinthidwa komanso kulemekezedwa ndi mayiko ndi demokalase zomwe zimadziwika m'nthawi yathu yamakono, komabe ndi chipembedzo chomwechi chomwe chinalimbikitsa achinyamata Achigiriki kuyesetsa ndi mphamvu zawo zonse kuti apambane kupambana kwakukulu pansi pa chifaniziro cha Zeus ... Chipembedzo cha masewera, Religio Athletae, tsopano chikulowa pang'onopang'ono m'maganizo a othamanga, koma ambiri a iwo amatsogoleredwa ndi izo mosadziwa.« (Krüger, A.: »Chiyambi cha Pierre de Coubertin's Religion Athletae«, Olympians: The International Journal of Olympic Studies, Vol. 2, 1993, p. 91)

Kwa Pierre de Coubertin, masewera anali "chipembedzo chokhala ndi tchalitchi, ziphunzitso ndi miyambo ... koma koposa zonse ndi malingaliro achipembedzo." (ibid.)

Miyambo yotsegulira ndi yotsekera Maseŵera a Olimpiki imatsimikizira mfundo imeneyi mosakayikira. Mtundu, masewera, nyimbo, Olympic Hymn, Olympic Oath, Olympic Fire zimabweretsa chisangalalo chachipembedzo chomwe chimachititsa khungu maso.

Masewera apamwamba a Olimpiki a 1936 ku Berlin, omwe Adolf Hitler adagwiritsa ntchito molakwika chifukwa chabodza lake, adalimbikitsa ziwonetsero zazikulu za Olimpiki pambuyo pake.

Kodi Baibulo limati chiyani?

Mzimu wa Olympia uli wosiyana kwambiri ndi zimene Paulo akulangiza Akristu onse kuti: “Musachite kanthu monga mwadyera, kapena monga mwa mtima opanda pake, komatu ndi kudzichepetsa mtima yense yense ayese mnzake wom’posa iye mwini.” ( Afilipi 2,3:5-12,10 ) “M’chikondi chaubale khalani okoma mtima kwa wina ndi mzake; mu kuchitira ulemu wina ndi mnzake” (Aroma XNUMX:XNUMX).

Ndipo Yesu mwiniwakeyo anati: “Ngati wina afuna kukhala woyamba, akhale womalizira pa onse, ndi mtumiki wa onse!” ( Marko 9,35:9,48 ) “Aliyense amene ali wamng’ono mwa inu nonse adzakhala wamkulu!” ( Luka XNUMX, XNUMX ) Yesu ananena kuti:

“Lowani pachipata chopapatiza! Pakuti chipata chili chotakata, ndi njira yopita nayo kuchiwonongeko ndi yotakata; ndipo ali ambiri amene amalowa mmenemo. Pakuti chipata chili chopapatiza, ndi njira yopapatiza yakumuka nayo kumoyo ndi yopapatiza; ndipo akum’peza ali oŵerengeka.”— Mateyu 7,13:14-XNUMX .

Njira yotakata ndi njira ya kudzikonda, njira yopapatiza ndiyo kudzikana: 'Iye amene apeza moyo wake adzautaya; ndipo aliyense wotaya moyo wake chifukwa cha Ine adzawupeza. ”(Mt 10,39:XNUMX)

Mu Ulaliki wa Paphiri, Yesu ananena mosapita m’mbali kuti: “Ngati wina akupanda patsaya lakumanja, um’patsenso lina.” ( Mateyu 5,39:XNUMX ) Yesu ananenanso kuti:

Kusiyana kwakukulu uku pakati pa mizimu ya Olympian ndi yachikhristu kumabweretsa funso:

N’chifukwa chiyani Akhristu ambiri amathandizira maseŵera a Olimpiki?

Mu 1976 bungwe la Fellowship of Christian Athletes ku United States linali ndi mamembala oposa 55. Bungwe la Athletes in Action, utumiki wa Campus für Christus, lili ndi antchito 000 okha. Malingaliro awo adayambira ku Muscular Christianity ku England chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 500 ndipo m'mbuyomu akadatsutsidwa ngati zosatheka ndi akhristu ambiri. Thomas Arnold (19-1795), mkulu wa Rugby School ku Warwickhire, England, ankakhulupirira kuti maseŵera opikisana ndi ampikisano anali ndi phindu lalikulu lauzimu. Iye anali tate wauzimu wa Pierre de Coubertins wotchulidwa pamwambapa, woyambitsa Masewera a Olimpiki amakono. Masewera a Olimpiki oyamba amakono anachitika ku Athens mu 1842.

Tiyeni tiwone mikangano yomwe Akhristu nthawi zambiri amapanga mokomera masewera ampikisano:

"Masewera ampikisano ndi ochezeka komanso okonda kusewera." Tsoka ilo, chosiyana ndi chowona: ndi chotsutsana pachimake chake ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chakupha, ngakhale chimamenyedwa ndi mzimu waubwenzi. Cholinga chachikulu pamasewera ndikupambana ena.

"Masewera ampikisano amalimbikitsa chilungamo." Zapezeka kuti pamene wothamanga akukwera kwambiri, amakhala wokonda kwambiri kuchita bwino, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti apambane ndipo amaona kuti chilungamo chimakhala chochepa. Umboni wina wotsutsa chiphunzitso chachilungamo: Ngakhale kusukulu, kumene maseŵera opikisana ali oumirizidwa kwa ana onse asukulu, ana amene ali osachita maseŵera amatsirizira msanga kuchita mbali yakunja m’kalasi lonse.

Koma bwanji za zitsanzo zazikulu za khalidwe labwino lomwe munthu amawona mobwerezabwereza pakati pa othamanga? Pali chifukwa chimodzi chokha cha izi: Masewera ampikisano sapanga mawonekedwe, koma amawulula. Mpikisano supereka chisonkhezero cha makhalidwe abwino. Ngakhale kuti nkhondo ikutentha, othamanga ena mwachibadwa amakhalabe okhulupirika ku zomwe anali nazo kale. Komabe, izi sizikulankhula zamasewera opikisana, koma zimangofotokozera chifukwa chake masewerawa sanadziwononge okha. Koma tikuyandikira mfundo imeneyi. Chifukwa zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe zikuchepa ku West.

Cholinga cha Mulungu kwa munthu chinali mgwirizano, osati mpikisano. Chifukwa mpikisano nthawi zonse umatulutsa opambana ndi otayika.

"Masewera a timu amalimbikitsa mgwirizano." Komanso kubera banki limodzi. Ngati cholinga chachikulu chili chotsutsana ndi Mulungu, mgwirizano uliwonse sungathandize.

"Tikufuna mpikisano kuti tiphunzire kukhala otayika bwino." Mulungu analenga aliyense wa ife ndi luso losiyana. Choncho n’zosamveka kuti tizidziyerekezera tokha. Tiyenera kukulitsa luso lathu kuti tithe kutumikira Mulungu bwino, osati kuchita bwino kwambiri.

"Simungapewe mpikisano." Koma: mpikisano wothamanga mulimonsemo. Mpikisano m'moyo wachuma, kumbali ina, sikuyenera kukhala mpikisano. Kuyendetsa bizinesi yanga mwamakhalidwe, popanda chikhumbo choposa ena, si mpikisano. Kutukuka si mendulo yomwe wothamanga kapena timu imodzi yokha ingapambane. Mpikisano umachitika pokhapokha anthu awiri kapena kupitilira apo kapena magulu ayesa kukhala opambana okha.

"Mpikisano ndi chinthu chachibadwa." Izi ndi zodziwikiratu, koma kwa amene sanatembenuke.

"Masewera opikisana nthawi zambiri amakhala odzifunira, chifukwa cha chisangalalo cha masewera ndi kuyenda." Kwa ena, spoilsport ndi yoyipa kuposa wotayika woyipa. Choncho, chisankho chosewera nthawi zambiri sichikhala chodzifunira monga momwe timaganizira. Masewera otere apakati pa mabwenzi nthawi zambiri amamenyedwa mwaukali kuposa mipikisano yolinganizidwa.

Zoonadi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumakuthandizani. Koma izi zingathekenso popanda mpikisano. Chiwopsezo cha kuvulazidwa kwa thupi, kuwonongeka kwamalingaliro ndi m'maganizo kumakhala kocheperako.

mpikisano wogawanika. Wopambana amanyada, wolephera amakhumudwa. Mpikisano ndi waukulu, wosangalatsa komanso umatulutsa adrenaline yambiri. Koma zimenezi siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi chimwemwe. Aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi chimwemwe chenicheni.

"Mtumwi Paulo amagwiritsa ntchito mpikisano ngati chizindikiro cha kukhala Mkhristu." Mu 1 Akorinto 9,27:2; 2,5 Timoteyo 4,7:8; 12,1:6,2-3 ndi Aheberi XNUMX:XNUMX Paulo akunena za mpikisano wa Akhristu. Amamuyerekezera ndi wothamanga amene akudikirira nkhata ya laurel. Komabe, kuyerekezerako kumangotanthauza kudzipereka ndi kupirira komwe othamanga amabweretsa kuti akwaniritse cholinga. Komabe, m’nkhondo yachikhulupiriro yachikristu, palibe amene amapambana mwa kuwononga mnzake. Aliyense akhoza kupambana ngati atasankha kutero ndi kumamatira ku chisankho chake. Ndipo apa othamangawo amathandizana wina ndi mnzake mogwirizana ndi mfundo yachikhalidwe yakuti: “Nyamuliranani zothodwetsa.” ( Agalatiya XNUMX:XNUMX-XNUMX ) Inde, othamangawo amathandizana wina ndi mnzake mogwirizana ndi mfundo yachikhalidwe yakuti: “Nyamuliranani zothodwetsa.”

Mzimu wa Olimpiki m'mbiri

Pamene kuli kwakuti maseŵera achipembedzo ndi maseŵera anali ndi mbali yaikulu m’chipembedzo cha Agiriki, sitipeza chilichonse chotere pakati pa Ahebri kapena Ayuda. Maphunziro achipembedzo ndi makhalidwe amachitika makamaka m’banja.

Ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku inali chinthu cholimbikitsa, koma kwa Agiriki chinali chinthu chonyansa. Munalibe maseŵera kapena maseŵero olinganizidwa m’chikhalidwe cha Chihebri. Mwa iye, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumagwirizana ndi moyo weniweni. Kwa Agiriki, kukongola kunali kopatulika, n’chifukwa chake othamanga amapikisana pa maseŵera a Olimpiki amaliseche. Koma kwa Aheberi, chiyero chinali chokongola komanso chotetezedwa ndi zovala. Awiri osiyana kotheratu maganizo a dziko.

Kunena mwa umunthu, dongosolo la maphunziro lachigiriki linatulutsa chitukuko chotukuka. Komabe, mzimu wankhondo Wachigiriki umene unadzilimbitsa wokha pamapeto pake unagwetsa Greece. Aroma anali kale m'zaka za m'ma 2 BC. anayamba kutenga nawo mbali m’Maseŵera a Olimpiki ndipo tsopano, mosonkhezeredwa ndi mzimu umenewu, anapitiriza maseŵera omenyana apoyera. Tonse tikudziwa za ndewu za gladiator komanso kusaka nyama m'bwalo la Aroma. Mitundu yoipitsitsa inaletsedwa kokha ndi chisonkhezero cha Chikristu.

Komabe, m’Nyengo Zapakati Zamdima, timapeza mzimu wankhondo m’kudziletsa kwa amonke ndi mwaulemu. Akhristu ozunzidwawo sanaphedwenso m’maseŵera a mabwalo achiroma, koma m’manja mwa akatswiri ankhondo. Ndi Knights, masewera olimbana nawo mu mawonekedwe a mpikisano amawonekeranso.

Mu Reformation timapeza mbali yayikulu yolimbana ndi kudziletsa, kudzipereka kwa monastic komanso masewera ampikisano. Tsopano ulemu wa ntchito wagogomezedwanso. Komabe Luther anachirikiza kulimbana, mipanda, ndi maseŵero olimbitsa thupi monga zodzitetezera ku ulesi, makhalidwe oipa, ndi juga. Ngakhale Melanchthon ankalimbikitsa masewera ndi masewera, ngakhale kunja kwa mabungwe a maphunziro.

Lamulo la Ajesititi lokhazikitsidwa ndi Ignatius Loyola mu 1540 linalimbikitsa mzimu wankhondo ndi mipikisano yambiri yapoyera. Maoda, magiredi, mphotho ndi mphotho zathandizira kwambiri masukulu achikatolika kuyambira pamenepo. Nyali ya mzimu wakumenyana wa Hellenistic idachoka kwa msilikali kupita kwa Ajesuit.

Kudzuka mwachangu

Sizinali mpaka zitsitsimutso zazikulu ku North America, kuyambira mu 1790, pamene masukulu adatulukira kuti alibenso malo m'maphunziro awo a masewera ndi masewera. Kulima dimba, kukwera mapiri, kukwera pamahatchi, kusambira ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamanja zinaperekedwa monga momwe zimakhalira pamitu yongopeka. Koma chitsitsimutsocho chinali chachifupi.

Kutsika kozungulira

Mu 1844 Oberlin College yachitsanzo idasiyanso nzeru zamaphunziro izi ndikubweretsanso masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera ndi masewera m'malo mwake. Chikristu champhamvu chotchulidwa pamwambapa tsopano chinayamba kufala m’masukulu onse Achipulotesitanti. Mothandizidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha Darwinism - "kupulumuka kwa amphamvu kwambiri (opambana kwambiri amapulumuka)« - masewera monga mpira wa ku America adatuluka, momwe munali ngakhale imfa zingapo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. Pomaliza, eugenics cholinga chake chinali kuyeretsa chibadwa cha anthu posankha. Kukongola ndi mphamvu zinakhalanso chipembedzo, mu mzimu wa Olimpiki. The Third Reich idawona komwe izi zingatsogolere. Munthu wa Aryan anali thupi la mzimu uwu. Ofooka, olumala ndi Ayuda anayenera kuchotsedwa mwapang’onopang’ono kudzera m’misasa yachiwonongeko ndi kupha munthu.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, maphunziro thupi othamanga ndi ana sukulu nthawi zonse kugwirizana ndi zolinga zankhondo uterior.

Mzimu uwu umakhalabe ndipo umazindikirika mosavuta mu Masewera a Olimpiki, mpira, mphete ya nkhonya, Fomula 1, zisudzo za kukongola, zisudzo za nyimbo, ng'ombe zamphongo, Tour de France ndi mipikisano ina.

Mzimu wa Olympia ukupitiriza kukopa Akristu ambiri m’madzi oopsa ndi nyimbo yake ya siren kuti chikhulupiriro chawo chisweke ngati ngalawa. Chifukwa chakuti m’mipikisano amachita ndendende zosemphana ndi zimene Mkristu akuitanidwa kuchita: “Iye amene afuna kunditsata ine adzisiye yekha ndi zilakolako zake, natenge mtanda wake, nanditsate ine m’njira yanga.” ( Mateyu 16,24:XNUMX ) Uthenga Wabwino ndi wakuti. Yesu anayenda njira ya kudzikana, kudzimana, kudekha ndi kudzichepetsa, kusachita chiwawa ndi utumiki. Mzimu uwu unkamveka nthawi zonse m'mawu ake, zochita zake ndi chikoka chake popanda kupatula. Ndi mwa njira imeneyi okha amene akanapangitsa chikondi cha Mulungu kukhala chodalirika kwa ife. Tikuyitanidwa kuti tileke kudumpha mbali zonse, kuti tisakhale otentha kapena ozizira, koma kudzazidwa kwathunthu ndi Mzimu wa Mulungu.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokozanso malingaliro ofunikira kuchokera m'buku lake, mothandizidwa ndi wolemba Barry R. Harker Moto Wodabwitsa, Chikhristu ndi Kukula kwa Olympism Yamakono pamodzi ndipo adawonjezeredwa ndi akonzi ndi malingaliro ena. Buku la masamba 209 linasindikizidwa mu 1996 ndipo likupezeka m’masitolo ogulitsa mabuku.

Lofalitsidwa koyamba mu German mu Maziko a moyo waulere, 2-2009