Dzidza nezvechipupuriro cheSpain chezana remakore rechi16 chePurotesitendi uye rusununguko rwechitendero. NaEllen White, Clarence Crisler, HH Hall

Nguva yekuverenga: 10 maminitsi

Ichi chitsauko chebhuku rinonzi The Great Controversy chiripo chete mushanduro yechiSpanish uye chakanyorwa nevanyori vake vakamiririra Ellen White.

Makore makumi mana akanga apfuura kubvira apo mabhuku okutanga edzidziso dzeChinjo akawana nzira yawo kuSpain. Pasinei zvapo nenhamburiko dzakabatanidzwa dzeChechi yeRoma Katurike, kufambira mberi kwapachivande kwesangano racho hakuna kugona kumiswa. Gore negore chiPurotesitendi chakawedzera kusimba kutozosvikira zviuru zvavanhu zvapinda mukutenda kutsva. Panhambo nenhambo, vamwe vavo vakaenda kunze kwenyika kundofarikanya rusununguko rworudzidziso. Vamwe vakasiya misha yavo kuti vabatsire kugadzira mabhuku avo, akanangidzirwa zvakananga kufambisira mberi chikonzero chavaida kupfuura upenyu pachahwo. Vamwe, semamongi akasiya imba yemamongi yeSan Isidoro, vakanzwa vachimanikidzwa kuenda nekuda kwemamiriro avo chaiwo.

Kunyangarika kweava vatendi, vazhinji vavo vakanga vaita mabasa akatanhamara munhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika nedzorudzidziso, kwakanga kwanyandura kwenguva refu kunyumwira kubva kuBvunzurudzo, uye pashure penguva yakati vamwe vakanga vasipo vakawanwa kunze kwenyika, kwavakaedza kusimudzira kutenda kwechiPurotesitendi muSpain. Izvi zvakapa pfungwa yokuti muSpain maiva nevaPurotesitendi vakawanda. Zvisinei, vakatendeka vakanga vaita nokungwarira zvokuti hapana mubvunzurudzo akaziva kwavaiva.

Ipapo nhevedzano yezvinoitika yakatungamirira kukuwanwa kwenzvimbo dzeichi sangano muSpain uye yavatendi vazhinji. Muna 1556 Juan Pérez, uyo aigara kuGeneva panguva iyoyo, akanga apedza shanduro yake yeTestamende Itsva yechiSpanish. Akaronga kutumira chinyorwa ichi kuSpain pamwe chete nemakopi ekatekizimu yechiSpanish yaakagadzira gore rakatevera racho uye shanduro yeMapisarema. Zvisinei, zvakamutorera nguva kuti awane mumwe munhu aida kutanga basa iri rine ngozi. Pakupedzisira, Julián Hernández, mutengesi wemabhuku akatendeka, akabvuma kuedza. Akaviga mabhuku acho mumadhiramu mahombe maviri uye akakwanisa kutiza vanyengeri veBvunzurudzo. Akasvika kuSeville, uko mavhoriyamu anokosha akaparadzirwa nokukurumidza. Shanduro iyi yeTestamende Itsva ndiyo yakatanga kuparadzirwa zvakanyanya muSpain.

'Parwendo rwake, Hernández akanga apa kopi yeTestamende Itsva kumupfuri wesimbi muFlanders. Mupfuri wesimbi akaratidza mupristi bhuku racho ndokutsanangura mupi wacho kwaari. Ikoku kwakakurumidza kuzivisa Bvunzurudzo muSpain. Nekuda kweruzivo urwu, "pakudzoka kwake, vabvunzi vakamuradzika ndokumusunga pedyo neguta rePalma". Vakamudzorera kuSeville ndokumuisa mujeri mukati memadziro eBvunzurudzo, umo vakaedza zvose zvavaigona kuti vamuite kuti atengese shamwari dzake kweanopfuura makore maviri, asi pasina. Akaramba akatendeka kusvikira kumugumo uye akatsungirira noushingi kuurayirwa kutenda ari padanda. Akafara kuti akanga ane rukudzo neropafadzo yoku“unza chiedza chechokwadi choumwari munyika yake yakarasika.” Aitarisira Zuva reRutongeso nechivimbo: ipapo aizooneka pamberi poMuiti wake, onzwa mashoko etendero youmwari, uye ogara naShe wake nokusingaperi.

Kunyange zvazvo vakakundikana kuwana mashoko kubva kuna Hernández angave akatungamirira kukuwanwa kweshamwari dzake, “vakazoziva zvaakanga achengeta kwenguva refu kwazvo” ( M’Crie, ganhuro 7 ). Panguva iyoyo, avo vaitungamirira Dare Rokubvunzurudza muSpain “vakagamuchira mashoko okuti nzanga dzepachivande dzeValladolid dzakanga dzawanikwa. Vakabva vangotumira nhume kumatare edzimhosva akasiyana-siyana muumambo hwacho, vachivakumbira kuti vaferefete muchivande munzvimbo dzavo. Vanofanira kumira vakagadzirira kuita pamwe chete kana vangogamuchira mimwe mirairo' (ibid.). Nenzira iyi mazita emazana evatendi akaonekwa chinyararire uye nekukurumidza. Pane imwe nhambo, vakabva vabatwa panguva imwe cheteyo ndokuiswa mutorongo pasina nyevero. Nhengo dzinokudzwa dzenharaunda dzakabudirira dzeValladolid neSeville, mamongi akaramba ari pamusha wemamongi weSan Isidoro del Campo, akatendeka aigara kure kuchamhembe kuzasi kwePyrenees, pamwe chete nevamwe muToledo, Granada, Murcia neValencia, vakangoerekana vazviwana vari mukati memadziro eBvunzurudzo, kungosimbisa zvipupuriro zvavo neropa ravo.

“Avo vaishurikidzirwa nokuda kwechiLutheran […] Maviri akaitirwa muValladolid muna 1559, imwe muSeville gore rimwe chetero, uye imwe muna Zvita 22, 1560” (BB Wiffen, chinyorwa murunyoro rwake rutsva. Espístola consolatoria naJuan Pérez, peji 17).
Pakati pevakatanga kusungwa muSeville paiva naDr. Constantino Ponce de la Fuente, anga achishanda asingafungiri kwenguva yakareba. “Apo mashoko akasvika kuna Charles V, uyo akanga ari pamusha wamamongi waYuste panguva iyoyo, kuti mufundisi wake waaida zvikuru akanga asungwa, akati: ‘Kana Constantino ari mupanduki, ipapo mupanduki mukuru!’ Uye apo mubvunzurudzo gare gare akamuvimbisa kuti akanga awanikwa ane mhaka, akapindura nokugomera kuti: ‘Haugoni kupa mhosva mumwe mukuru!’” (Sandoval, Nhoroondo yeEmperor Carlos V, Vol. 2, 829; yakatorwa kubva kuM'Crie, Chitsauko 7).

Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisiri nyore kuratidza mhosva yaConstantino. Kutaura zvazviri, vabvunzurudzo vakaita sevasingakwanisi kuratidza mhosva yaaipomerwa pavakangoerekana “vawana, pakati pevamwe vakawanda, bhuku guru rakanyorwa zvachose murunyoro rwaConstantino. Ipapo akaronga nenzira yakajeka, sokunge aizvinyorera amene bedzi, uye akabata zvikurukuru (seizvo Vabvunzurudzo vakatsanangura murutongeso rwake gare gare akabudiswa pachikafu) misoro inotevera: pamusoro pomugariro weChechi; nezveChechi yechokwadi neChechi yaPapa yaakadana kuti Antikristu; nezvesakaramende yeYukaristiya uye kutangwa kweMisa, yaakataura nezvayo kuti nyika yakanga yatorwa mwoyo nokusaziva Magwaro Matsvene; pamusoro pekururamiswa kwemunhu; pamusoro pepurigatori yokuchenesa, yaakadana kuti musoro wemhumhi uye kugadzirwa kwemamongi nokuda kwokukara kwavo; pamabhuru epapa netsamba dzekuregererwa; pamusoro pezvakanaka zvevarume; pakureurura [...] Pakaratidzirwa vhoriyamu kuna Constantino, akati: »Ndinoziva runyoro rwangu uye ndinobvuma pachena kuti ndakanyora zvose izvi uye ndinozivisa nomwoyo wose kuti ichokwadi chose. Hauchafaniri kutarisa zvakare kuti uwane humbowo hunondipikisa: pano watova nekupupura kwakajeka uye kusina mubvunzo kwekutenda kwangu. Saka ita zvaunoda." (R. Gonzales de Montes, 320-322; 289, 290)

Nekuda kwekuoma kwekusungwa kwake, Constantino haana kana kurarama makore maviri ekutongerwa kwake mujeri. Kusvikira kunhambo dzake dzokupedzisira akaramba akavimbika kukutenda kwake kwePurotesitendi ndokuchengeta chivimbo chake chakadzikama muna Mwari. Zvinofanira kunge zvaive zvakapa kuti muchitokisi chimwe chete icho Constantino akavharirwa mumongi wechidiki kubva kuimba yemamongi yeSan Isidoro del Campo akaiswa, akabvumidzwa kumuchengeta panguva yekurwara kwake kwekupedzisira uye kuvhara maziso ake murunyararo (M'Crie, chitsauko 7).

dr Constantino akanga asiri iye ega shamwari uye mufundisi waMambo akatambura nekuda kwekubatana kwake nechikonzero chePurotesitendi. dr Agustín Cazalla, uyo kwamakore akawanda airangarirwa somumwe wavaparidzi vakanakisisa muSpain uye aiwanzomira pamberi pemhuri youmambo, akanga ari pakati paavo vakasungwa ndokupfigirwa mutorongo muValladolid. Pakuurawa kwake pachena, achitaura naPrincess Juana, waaiwanzoparidzira kwaari, uye achinongedzera kuhanzvadzi yake yakanga yawanirwawo mhaka, iye akati: “Ndinokukumbirai, imi Changamire, nzwirai tsitsi mukadzi uyu asina mhosva ari kusiya nherera gumi nenhatu.” Zvisinei, haana kusunungurwa, kunyange zvazvo mugumo wake usingazivikanwi. Asi zvinosanozivikanwa kuti vatsigiri veBvunzurudzo, muutsinye hwavo husina mufungo, vakanga vasingagutsikani nokupa mhaka vapenyu. Vatangawo matare edzimhosva kuna amai vemukadzi uyu, Doña Leonor de Vivero, avo vakashaya makore apfuura. Akapomerwa kushandisa imba yake se "temberi yeLutheran." 'Pakarongwa kuti akanga afa ari munyengeri, ndangariro dzake dzicherwa uye pfuma yake itorwe. Yakarayirwa kuti mapfupa ake acherwe opiswa pachena pamwe chete nomufananidzo wake. Mukuwedzera, imba yavo yaizoparadzwa, munyu waizosaswa pamusoro penzvimbo yacho, uye shongwe yaizomiswa ipapo ine runyoro runotsanangura chikonzero chokuparadzwa kwacho. Zvose izvi zvakaitwa' uye chiyeuchidzo chakamira kweanoda kusvika mazana matatu emakore.

Munguva yeauto-da-fé, kutenda kwakakwirira nekutsiga kusingachinji kwevaPurotesitendi kwakaratidzwa mukutongwa kwa“Antonio Herrezuelo, mutongi akachenjera zvikuru, nomudzimai wake, Doña Leonor de Cisneros, mudzimai akachenjera zvikuru uye akarurama ane runako runoshamisa, rwengano.

“Herrezuelo akanga ari murume ane tsika dzakarurama uye aipwiswa zvakasimba, zvokuti kunyange kutambudzwa kweDare Rokubvunzurudza 'Dzvene' hakuna zvakwaigona kuita. Mukubvunzurudzwa kwake kwese nevatongi [...] aizviti muPurotesitendi kubva pakutanga, uye kwete muPurotesitendi chete, asi mumiriri weboka rake muguta reToro, kwaakambogara. Vabvunzurudzo vakada kuti ataure avo vaakanga asuma kungano itsva, asi zvipikirwa, kuteterera, uye kutyisidzira hazvina kuvhiringidza kutsunga kwaHerrezuelo kutengesa shamwari nevateveri vake. Uyezve, kunyange kutambudzwa kwacho kwaisagona kuputsa kusimba kwake, uko kwakanga kwakasimba kupfuura muouki wakwegura kana kuti dombo rinozvikudza rinokwira kubva mugungwa.
Mudzimai wake […]akavharirwawo mumakomba eBvunzurudzo […] akazobvuma kutyisa kwemadziro akamanikana, akasviba, aibatwa setsotsi, kure nemurume wake, waaida kupfuura hupenyu hwake […] uye akatya hasha dzeVabvunzurudzo. Saka pakupedzisira akataura kuti akanga azvipira kuzvikanganiso zvevanyengeri uye panguva imwe cheteyo akaratidza kuzvidemba kwake nemisodzi yokuchema [...]
Pazuva repopous auto-da-fé, apo vabvunzurudzo vakaratidza ukuru hwavo, vaipomerwa vakapinda mudanga uye kubva ipapo vakanzwa mitongo yavo ichiverengwa. Herrezuelo aifanira kuparara mumwoto wepire, uye mudzimai wake Doña Leonor aifanira kuramba dzidziso dzeLutheran dzaakanga amboomerera kwadziri ndokugara mumajeri akagoverwa nokuda kwechinangwa ichi nomurayiro weDare “Dzvene” Rokubvunzurudza. Ikoko aifanira kurangwa nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvake nokuzvidemba uye nokunyadziswa kwenguo yokupfidza, uye kudzidziswazve kumuchengeta kubva munzira yeramangwana rake rokuparadzwa nekuparadzwa.” De Castro, 167, 168.

Apo Herrezuelo akatungamirirwa kuchikafu, “akangobayiwa mwoyo nokuona mudzimai wake akapfeka nguo dzokupfidza; uye kutarira kwaakaita (nokuti akanga asingagoni kutaura) kwakamutarira sezvaaimupfuura, achienda kunzvimbo yaaiurawa, kwakaratidzika kuva kwaiti: ‘Izvi zvakaoma kutsungirira!’ Akateerera asingakendengi kumamongi, ayo akamunetsa nokumukurudzira kwawo kunonetesa kuti adzokere shure pavaimuendesa kugomba remoto. 'The Bachiller Herrezuelo', anodaro Gonzalo de Illescas mubhuku rake re Historia pontifical, 'azvirege apiswe ari mupenyu nehushingi husati hwamboitika. Ndaiva pedyo naye zvekuti ndainyatsomuona uye kuona mafambiro nematauriro ake. Akanga asingagoni kutaura, akavharwa muromo: [...] asi maitiro ake ose airatidza kuti akanga ari munhu ainyanya kutsunga uye ane simba akasarudza kufira mumoto pane kuti atende nevamwe vake zvavakanga vakumbirwa. Pasinei nokunyatsocherechedza, handina kukwanisa kuona chiratidzo chiduku chekutya kana kurwadziwa; asi pachiso chake pakanga pane kusuruvara kwandakanga ndisati ndamboona.’” ( M’Crie, Chitsauko 7 .

Mukadzi wake haana kumbokanganwa ziso rake rekuonekana. ‘Pfungwa,’ anodaro wezvenhau, ‘yokuti akanga amurwadzisa mukati mehondo inotyisa yaaifanira kutsungirira, yakatungidza murazvo worudo nokuda kworudzidziso rwakachinja rwaibvira pachivande pachipfuva chake; uye nekusarudza “kutevera muenzaniso wekutsiga kwemufiri kutenda, kuvimba nesimba rakaitwa kuti rive rakakwana mukusava nesimba,” “akavhiringa zvachose nzira yokupfidza yaakanga atanga”. Akabva akandwa mujeri, umo kwamakore masere akadzivisa nhamburiko iri yose yakaitwa neVabvunzurudzo yokuti adzoswe. Akazofirawo mumoto sezvo murume wake akanga afa. Ndiani aisagona kubvumirana nowokwavo De Castro paakati: 'Varoorani vasingafari, zvakafanana murudo, zvakafanana mudzidziso uye zvakafanana murufu! Ndiani asingazodonhedze misodzi nekuda kwekurangarira kwako, uye kunzwa kutya nekuzvidza vatongi avo, panzvimbo yekutapa mweya nekunaka kweshoko roumwari, vakashandisa kurwadzisa nemoto senzira dzekunyengetedza?" (De Castro, 171).

Ndizvo zvakanga zvakaita vakawanda vainyatsoona nezveChinjo yePurotesitendi yomuSpain yomuzana remakore rechi16. “Zvisinei, hatifaniri kugumisa kuti vafiri kutendeka vokuSpain vakabayira upenyu hwavo pasina ndokuteura ropa ravo pasina. Vakapira zvipiriso zvinonhuhwirira kuna Mwari.Vakasiya uchapupu hwechokwadi husina kumborasika” (M'Crie, Preface).

Kwemazana emakore, uchapupu uhu hwakasimbisa kusimba kweavo vakasarudza kuteerera Mwari pamusoro pevanhu. Kunopfuurira kusvikira kuzuva rino kupa ushingi kuna avo, muawa yavo yomuedzo, vanosarudza kumira vakasimba ndokudzivirira zvokwadi dzeShoko raMwari. Kuburikidza nekutsungirira kwavo nekutenda kusingazununguki, vachave zvapupu zvipenyu zvesimba rinoshandura renyasha dzinodzikinura.

kupera kwenhevedzano

Teil 1

Magumo: Conflicto de los Silos, 219-226