Ukusa koqhanqalazo olukhulu lokugqibela luqhambuka ngolu suku lwembali. Ukusa kusemva kwethu, ukukhanya okuthambileyo kokusa kokuqala kolu qhankqalazo olunamandla olwandulela ukubuya kukaYesu kukhanya phezu kweJamani kunye nehlabathi. Ngomhla wama-500 wokuqalisa koHlaziyo, uhlaziyo lwentshukumo enkulu, ye-eschatological Advent iya kunikwa ukukhanya okuya kubonwa lulo lonke uluntu kumandla alo okuphilisa.

Namhlanje kubhalwe ukufa kobuProtestanti obusemthethweni. Uqhankqalazo lwebandla lobuvangeli lolwembali. Ngo-Matshi 2014, ihlabathi lamaKristu laqaphela xa uBhishophu wase-Anglican uTony Palmer waxelela abameli abadumileyo bentshukumo yevangeli kunye ne-charismatic: "Uqhanqalazo luphelile." Isibhengezo esiDityanelweyo ngeMfundiso yoLungiso phakathi kweLutheran World Federation kunye neCawa yamaRoma Katolika ngowe-1999. Sele kudlule iminyaka emi-3 1/2 ukususela kwintetho eyimbali kaPalmer, ixesha elifutshane apho uqhanqalazo lwenzeka nakwiicawa zamaHuss namaWaldo, abanduleli abakhulu boHlaziyo. ifikelele esiphelweni. Phantse yonke imithendeleko yecawa eyavela kuHlaziyo iye yaluphelisa ngokupheleleyo uqhanqalazo olwalubangela ukuba lubekho. De jure wabafumana Ingxelo edibeneyo Omnye owatyobela kwiBhunga leHlabathi leeCawa zamaWesile ngoJulayi 23, 2006, nangoJulayi 04, 2017 kumsitho wonqulo eWittenberg, iWorld Community of Reformed Churches nayo yangenelela kwesi sindululo. Ukugwetywa kweemfundiso zexesha elidluleyo ngokuphathelele owona mbuzo ubalulekileyo wendlela yomntu yosindiso azikho ephepheni.

Ngokusemthethweni, akusekho "amaProtestanti". Lo ngumqondiso omkhulu wanamhlanje. “Ixolelanisiwe” neRoma kwimfundiso engundoqo yokugwetyelwa, ngomoya wokumanyana kweenkonzo, iBandla lamaProtestanti likhangela emva koko kwenzeka kwiminyaka engama-500 eyadlulayo. Yonke isikhumbuzo soHlaziyo, eyaqala kunyaka odlulileyo namhlanje, yaphawulwa yimibhiyozo ye-ecumenical enenjongo yokubonisa ihlabathi: oonobangela bokwahlukana kwecawa "ebuhlungu" eNtshona ziphelisiwe.

Inkonzo yanamhlanje yemibhiyozo eWittenberg ikwaphawulwa ngokusakhulayo, komanyano lweenkonzo ezigqityiweyo, ngengqiqo yomthendeleko opheleleyo weSidlo seNkosi Sangokuhlwa noMthendeleko ophakathi kweeCawa zamaProtestanti nezamaRoma Katolika, ezo zombini ezi cawa ngokungafihlisiyo ziwulangazelela. “Ubunye obubonakalayo kwiiyantlukwano ezilungelelanisiweyo”, neeyantlukwano ezinokuthi zihlale, kodwa eziphulukene nesimilo sazo sokwahlulwa-hlulwa kwecawe – omabini la mabandla azibophelele kolu sukelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba oku kuya kukhokelela ekumanyaneni kwakhona kweecawe okanye akunjalo.

Kwinqanaba lezakwalizwi, ngaphandle kombuzo we-Ekaristi, kuphela umbuzo wokuqonda ubulungiseleli kunye neCawe, ehlanganiswe ngokusondeleyo nayo, inomlingiswa owahlula iicawe kwingxoxo ye-ecumenical. Umsebenzi wanamhlanje we-ecumenical theology uya kugxila ngakumbi koku kunangaphambili. KuPope uFrancis, nangona kunjalo, imvumelwano eseleyo apha ayibonakali ingumqobo wokwenyani kwindlela eya kubudlelane becawa ejikeleze "iTafile yeNkosi". Ethetha namaLuthere aseItali ngoNovemba 15, 2015, wathi: »Olunye ukholo, ubhaptizo olunye, iNkosi enye, ngoko uPawulos usixelela, kwaye ufikelela kwizigqibo [...] Ukuba sinobhaptizo olufanayo, kufuneka sihambe kunye. « (umthombo) Ngo-Oktobha 03, i-2017, i-Vatican Radio yabika: »Sichaza indlela uPapa uFrancis acinga ngayo 'ukuhlanganiswa' kobuKristu obunokwenzeka - kwaye ngokwenza oko wenze ukufumanisa okumangalisayo ukuba, kuFrancis, amaKristu sele emanyene ixesha elide.umthombo)

Kuba uSihlalo weBhunga leCawa yeVangeli eJamani (EKD), uHeinrich Bedford-Strohm, kukho ithemba eliqinileyo kwimigudu ye-ecumenical kaPope wangoku, oya kuthatha "indima ebalulekileyo" kwi-ecumenism kunye "[nika] zonke izizathu. ukwenza njalo, silindele ukuguquka komsila kwixesha elizayo, ”u-Bedford-Strohm uxelele i-Arhente yeendaba yaseJamani eRoma kusuku olungaphambi kwayizolo. Oku kuqhubela phambili ngokuthi: »Umphathi we-EKD kunye nobhishophu wengingqi yaseBavaria uceba ukubhala ileta eya kupopu kunye nosihlalo weNkomfa yooBhishophu baseJamani, uKhadinali Reinhard Marx, nokumxelela ngenkqubo yeecawa eJamani.« (umthombo). UMarx, owabulela i-EKD ngomhla we-10 kuOkthobha ngokuziqhelanisa neenkolo zesikhumbuzo soHlaziyo (umthombo), wathetha phandle ngeCawa ngokudityaniswa kweecawa zamaKristu. »Sineminyaka sikhankasela oku. Nantso into endiyithandazelayo, yile nto ndiyisebenzelayo,” utshilo uMarx kwiphephandaba umfanekiso ngeCawa (umthombo).

Uqhankqalazo lwexesha elidluleyo lwabona umanyano olungenakuhlukaniswa kumbandela wokugwetyelwa okanye wentlawulelo nakulowo wokuqonda ibandla neofisi, ekucacisweni kwawo ubudlelane betafile yecawa kwiSidlo seNkosi Sangokuhlwa sixhomekeke. Isivumo sikaLuther sowe-1537 sasisekelwe kulo mbono: "Ngoko sinjalo kwaye siya kuhlala siqhawule umtshato ngonaphakade kwaye sichasane." Udliwanondlebe neVatican Radio yathi: "Akukho mntu unokusahlula kwakhona!"

Kumguquli, yayingeyomfundiso yogwetyelo kuphela engenakuxoxisana, kodwa noqikelelo lombuzo owawungenakwenzeka. Kuye, isizathu soku yayikukuba ingqiqo yamaRoma Katolika yokugwetyelwa yayingenasiseko eBhayibhileni, kodwa yayinokubhekisela kuphela kwisithethe secawa. Kwanebhunga eliqhelekileyo ekugqibeleni liya kuba luncedo kuphela, njengoko uLuther waqondayo kwangethuba, ukuba imfundiso noqheliselo lokholo ‘beluxoxisana’ kuze kugqitywe ngalo kuphela isiseko seZibhalo Ezingcwele. Ngenxa yokuba “kwanamabhunga anako yaye enze impazamo,” yayingamazwi akhe enguqu kwiNgxoxo yaseLeipzig ngowe-1519. Emva kokwahlulwa kokugqibela eRoma ekupheleni kowe-1520, wonke umxhasi woHlaziyo wayecace gca njengoLuther ngokwakhe: kuphela ngeBhayibhile njengokuba ekuphela kwesiqhelo esibophelelayo - i-sola scriptura - kuya kubakho uhlaziyo lomthendeleko wecawa kunye neRoma. KwiRoma, nangona kunjalo, oku kwakuya kuthetha enye into ngaphandle kokugatya ukuqonda kwabo icawa nobulungiseleli. Eli xabiso laliphezulu kakhulu kwiRoma kwiBhunga laseTrent (1545-1563). ULuther wafa kwasekuqaleni kwelo bhunga, awakubona kwangaphambili ukusilela kwalo. Ekunye noYeremiya wakwazi ukuthi: “Besifuna ukuyiphilisa iBhabhiloni, kodwa ayiphilanga.” ( Yeremiya 51,9:XNUMX ) IBhabhiloni yayiyinyanga kaYeremia, kodwa yayiza kutshatyalaliswa.

Eneneni, “ewe” ongumRoma Katolika wokwenyaniso ekuqondeni koHlaziyo lokuthetheleleka ngokuqinisekileyo ebeya kukhokelela ekuzichitheni kwakhe ngokwalo kwecawa. Oku kunokuthi "kulibaleke" kwingxoxo ye-ecumenical kuba ukuqonda kweCawa yamaLuthere ngentsingiselo yomgaqo weSola Scripura utshintshile. Kwisicatshulwa esisisiseko seBhunga le-EKD ukuzithethelela nenkululeko. Iminyaka eyi-500 yoHlaziyo ngo-2017 ngaba yiyo [ebizwa:

»I-sola scriptura ayinakuphinda iqondwe ngendlela efanayo namhlanje njengoko yayinjalo ngexesha loHlaziyo. Ngokungafaniyo nabahlaziyi, abantu namhlanje bayaqonda ukuba ukuqulunqwa kwezibhalo zeBhayibhile kunye noluhlu lwebhayibhile ngokwayo yinkqubo yesithethe. Inkcaso yakudala phakathi 'kweSibhalo sodwa' kunye 'neSibhalo kunye nesithethe', esamisela uHlaziyo kunye noHlaziyo, ayisasebenzi ngendlela eyayisebenza ngayo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithandathu ... Ukusukela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, imibhalo yebhayibhile ibiyimbali. kunye nophando olunzulu. Ngoko ke abanakuphinda baqondwe ‘njengeLizwi likaThixo’ njengokuba kwakunjalo ngexesha labahlaziyi. Abahlaziyi ngokusisiseko bacingela ukuba imibhalo yeBhayibhile ngokwenene yanikelwa nguThixo ngokwakhe. Ngokujonga iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zecandelo lokubhaliweyo okanye ukufunyanwa kweeleya ezahlukeneyo zesicatshulwa, le ngcamango ayinakugcinwa.« (iphe. 83, 84)

Ekubeni iCawa yamaLuthere iphulukene nesiseko esakha sakhokelela kuHlaziyo, iye yakwazi ukusondela eRoma ngokomgaqo kuwo wonke umbuzo. Isiseko soku yindlela yokutolika ebaluleke ngokwembali, esemgangathweni kuwo omabini amabandla namhlanje. Wahlula phakathi ‘kweSibhalo esiNgcwele’ ‘neLizwi likaThixo,’ elingafaniyo neBhayibhile, kodwa elinokuviwa ngokuqinisekileyo kuyo. Ngamagama esicatshulwa esisisiseko:

Ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla, abantu kuthethwa ngabo, kunye naphantsi kwezi zibhalo kwaye bachukumiseka kakhulu - kanye njengoko yachazwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimfundiso yezakwalizwi yoHlaziyo njengophawu lwelizwi likaThixo. Ngokwale ngqiqo, ezi ndima zisenokuthiwa ›njengeLizwi likaThixo‹namhla. Oku ayisosigqibo esicingelwayo, kodwa yinkcazo yamava ngezi zibhalo: Nanamhlanje, xa abantu befunda okanye besiva ezi zibhalo - hayi ngokuzenzekelayo ngalo lonke ixesha, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo - baziva ngathi ziqulethe inyaniso, inyaniso malunga neziqu zabo, ihlabathi. noThixo obanceda baphile. Ke ngoko, ezi zibhalo zisabumba uludwe lweCawa.« (iphe. 85, 86)

Inkqubo ye-ecumenical inokuqondwa kuphela phantsi kwezi meko. Kuphantsi kwezi meko kuphela apho umlinganiswa ogxile kwiinkolo zesi siganeko sanamhlanje, esikhunjulwa ngokundilekileyo ziicawe, ezopolitiko kunye noluntu.

Naleyo Isibhengezo esiDityanelweyo ngeMfundiso yoLungiso ngekuvele kuphela ngokuphambuka kumgaqo woHlaziyo lwe-sola scriptura, kuya kucaca nakuwuphi na umntu ophum’ izandla othi, ngaphandle kokucalula nokuthanda inyaniso, azigocagoce iinkcukacha ezibanzi. Kobeka phi ke, kumntu onolwazi ngelifa lobuProtestanti?

Kodwa apho icawa yobuvangeli ibhiyozela uLuther yazikhwebula kwiinkxalabo zikaLuther ezingundoqo, apho, kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-500 yomfuziselo wayo wokusekwa kwayo, ityhila esidlangalaleni ilifa layo elithengiweyo kwaye ibe lixhoba “lobuqhophololo” ( Daniyeli 8,25:XNUMX ) lalo gunya lilo elinamandla. ilifa kuphela ligazi neenyembezi kwaye iimbono zabo enyanisweni ziye zahlala zingaguqukanga, isigidimi sokufa soHlaziyo siye savakala phezu kweWittenberg “entsha”. Uqhanqalazo luphelile ngokusemthethweni kwaye ngokucacileyo yimbali njenganamhlanje.

Noko ke, ngoko, umqondiso wokuzalwa ngokutsha kobuProtestanti uyanikelwa namhlanje! Umqondiso ongokwesiprofeto wokuvuselelwa koqhankqalazo, olwaqala kwiCawe yaseCastle eWittenberg ngezithonga zesando, waphuma ngobubele obungenakuthelekiswa nanto obuphuma emlonyeni kaLuther eWorms ngowe-1521 waza wahlokoma ngamandla emilonyeni yeenkosana zaseJamani eSpeyer ngowe-1529, iyure enkulu yembali, njengakwiculo likaBach.

Enyanisweni, akukho nto emva kwanamhlanje eya kuphinda ifane. Ukukhulelwa okufuziselayo ngo-Oktobha 31, i-2017 ayinakugqithwa: yintoni iinkokeli zecawa kunye nabafundisi bezenkolo babeka phantsi ephepheni kwi-1999, ngenxa yamashumi eminyaka yomsebenzi we-ecumenical, ngoku ithumela imisebe yayo "eqaqambileyo" kwihlabathi lonke. Zizibhengezo zeMithetho yangeCawa, isifingo esikhohlisayo sehlabathi elixolelaniswe noThixo kunye nalo ngokwalo, isandulela sexesha elisondela ngokukhawuleza "leminyaka eyi-1000 yeReich" kunye "noxolo nokhuseleko" kwisijikelezi-langa siphela.

"Ubukumkani" apho, nangona kunjalo, akuyi kubakho ndawo kuye nabani na oya kukholelwa njengoko uMartin Luther wayekholelwa.

Ubuxoki bukaTetzel abuzange buhlale. I-tiara kapopu yaxengaxenga njengoko imonki yaseAugustinian yayithabatha usiba lwayo. Kuba uMoya kaThixo wawukho kuloo ndawo. Indlu eyakhiwe “entlabathini” ( Mateyu 7,26:20,8 ) imele izidilikele ngokwayo. Bakholose ngeenqwelo zokulwa namahashe; kodwa sikhumbula igama likaYehova uThixo wethu.” ( INdumiso XNUMX:XNUMX ) Amagama« eekumenism asekelwe kwisiseko esomeleleyo njengoko wayemi kuso uTetsele. Kodwa nesona senzo sikhulu asinakubakho ngaphandle kokuba sisekelwe enyanisweni.

"Ecumenism"! Kuye kwaba yintetho yekamva leYurophu kunye nehlabathi. Sisigidimi esithunyelwayo sisuka eWittenberg namhlanje. Kodwa ayinawo umgangatho wenyaniso owazisa uHlaziyo.

“Ngobabalo lukaThixo, esi sithonga semonki yaseWittenberg sagungqisa isiseko soopopu. Abaxhasi bakhe wabakhubaza waza watyhwatyhwa. Wavusa amawaka ebuthongweni beempazamo neenkolelo. Imibuzo awayiphakamisayo kwiingcamango zakhe yasasazeka kulo lonke elaseJamani kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye kwiiveki ezimbalwa zangena kubo bonke ubuKristu. " ( Ellen White, Imiqondiso Yamaxesha, kaJuni 14, 1883) “Ilizwi likaLuther lavakala ezintabeni nasezintlanjeni ... Layigungqisa iYurophu njengenyikima.” ( Ibid., Februwari 19, 1894)

Isikhalo esikhulu esiphuma kwisiTyhilelo 18 siya kufikelela kuzo zonke izizwe zalo mhlaba ngexeshana nje elifutshane. Iya kushukumisa iintliziyo zezopolitiko zethu kwaye ikhokelele yonke inkokeli nommi welizwe lethu kunye nawo onke amanye amazwe kwisigqibo. Njengakwimihla elandelayo ngo-Oktobha 31, 1517.

“Emva koko ndabona isithunywa sezulu sisihla, siphuma ezulwini, sinegunya elikhulu, nomhlaba wakhanyiselwa bubuqaqawuli baso. Sadanduluka ngamandla, ngezwi elikhulu, sisithi, Iwile, iwile iBhabheli enkulu, yaba likhaya leedemon, nentolongo yoomoya abangcolileyo bonke, nentolongo yeentaka zonke ezingcolileyo, ezithiyiweyo. Ngokuba zonke izizwe zasela kuyo iwayini eshushu yobuhenyu bayo, bahenyuza nayo ookumkani bomhlaba, nabarhwebi bomhlaba baba zizityebi ngenxa yobuninzi bobuncwane bayo. Ndeva elinye izwi liphuma ezulwini lisithi: “Phumani kuyo, bantu bam, Ukuze ningadlelani nayo ngezono zayo, ukuze ningamkeliswa kwizibetho zayo. Kuba izono zabo zifikelela emazulwini, yaye uThixo ubukhumbule ubugwenxa babo.”— ISityhilelo 18,1:5-XNUMX .

Lalifikile ixesha lokuba uLuther athethe xa, emva kokudibana noMhlawuleli wakhe, waqonda ukuba oko kwakusebenza kwiNkosi yakhe kwakukwasebenza nakuye: “Mna ndazalwa, ndize ehlabathini, ukuze ndiyingqinele inyaniso.” ( Yoh. 18,37) Xa waqondayo ngokuguquka kwakhe ukuba ikamva lezigidi zabantu lixhomekeke ekushunyayelweni kweendaba ezilungileyo eziyinyaniso, INtshumayeli 3,7:XNUMX yaba ngumyalelo ovela kuThixo wokuba athethe aze enze okuthile. Akukho nto yayinokuthomalalisa umnqweno wakhe wokusebenzela ukusindiswa kwabo babemngqongile emva kokuba edibene noYesu Kristu ngokwakhe.

Kodwa isifingo soqhanqalazo lokugqibela, elaxelwa kwangaphambili liLizwi likaThixo, siqalisa namhlanje, kanye ngelo xesha esathi ngalo isandla sobuzalwana solulelwa kwiCawa yaseCastle eWittenberg ukuya kubhishophu waseRoma. (Inkonzo yonqulo yesikhumbuzo soHlaziyo)

“Waza wathi uThixo: Makubekho ukukhanya! Kwabakho ke ukukhanya.”—Genesis 1:1,3.