Kungani uJesu agubha iHanukkah kodwa hhayi uKhisimusi? Ibhalwe nguKai Mester
Ngo-December 24 izwe “lobuKristu” ligubha ubusuku balo “Obungcwele”. Sikhumbula ukuzalwa kukaJesu eBhetlehema. Namuhla, awukho umkhosi ogujwa kakhulu ubuKristu njengoKhisimusi. Akuvamile ukuthi "kunemali eningi ebhokisini" - njengesikhathi sikaKhisimusi.
Kodwa kungani kungekho lutho eTestamenteni Elisha mayelana noJesu noma abaphostoli ababegubha usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa? Kungani uJesu nabaphostoli bagubha imikhosi ehlukahlukene?
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaJuda nawo agubha umkhosi: iHanukkah, umkhosi wokunikezelwa kwethempeli, owaziwa nangokuthi uMkhosi Wezibani. (Ezinye izipelingi: I-Hanukkah, i-Hanukkah, i-Hanukah) Kuyivelakancane yekhalenda ukuthi lo mkhosi uqale ngomhla ka-24 [2016]. Isizathu esikhethekile sokuba amaKristu azindle ngalomkhosi wamaJuda - ngoba kukhulunywa ngawo eTestamenteni Elisha (bheka ngezansi).
Uma ngibhekisisa uMkhosi WamaJuda Wokukhanya, uhluke kakhulu kuKhisimusi. Kukhona, nokho, ukufana okuthile. Ukuqhathanisa kungenza ngicabange kakhulu.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemikhosi emibili umsuka wayo:
Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uKhisimusi awulona usuku lwangempela lokuzalwa lukaJesu. Ngoba iBhayibheli alisho lutho ngosuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kukaJesu. Sifunda lokhu kuphela: “Kwakukhona abelusi endle, belinda umhlambi wabo ebusuku.” ( Luka 2,8:XNUMX ) Lokho akuzwakali njengokuphela kuka-December, ngisho naseMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Kungani abaphostoli bengasitshelanga usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kukaJesu emavangelini abo? Bebengazi yini bona? Kunoma yikuphi, uLuka ubhala ukuthi uJesu “wayeneminyaka engaba ngu-30” lapho ebhapathizwa ( Luka 3,23:1 ). Nokho, iBhayibheli lesiHeberu liloba usuku olulodwa kuphela lokuzalwa: usuku lokuzalwa lukaFaro ( Genesise 40,20:2 ), lapho umphathindebe ebuyiselwa esikhundleni kodwa umbhaki walengiswa. I-Apocrypha ikhuluma ngosuku lokuzalwa luka-Antiochus IV Epiphanes, esizoba nokunye esizokusho ngomzuzwana nje. Ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa waphoqelela abantu baseJerusalema ukuba bahlanganyele emkhosini kankulunkulu wewayini uDionysus ( 6,7 Maccabees 14,6: XNUMX ). Usuku lokuzalwa kuyakhulunywa ngalo eTestamenteni Elisha, lweNkosi uHerode, lapho uJohane uMbhapathizi anqunywa khona ikhanda (Mathewu XNUMX:XNUMX). Amakhosi amathathu angabahedeni angenaso isibonelo kithi. Nokho, ngamadoda kaNkulunkulu abalulekile anjengoMose, uDavide noma uJesu, asifundanga lutho ngezinsuku zabo zokuzalwa nanoma ikuphi ukugujwa kwezinsuku zokuzalwa.
Pho, kungani ubuKristu bugubha u-December 25 njengosuku lokuzalwa kukaJesu?
Ngokwekhalenda lamaRoma, u-December 25 kwakuwusuku lwe-solstice yasebusika futhi wawubhekwa njengosuku lokuzalwa lukankulunkulu welanga »Sol Invictus«. Izinsuku zimfishane kakhulu kusukela ngoDisemba 19 kuya ku-23. Kusukela ngomhlaka-24 baba bade futhi. Lokhu kwakubonakala njengokuzalwa kabusha kwelanga kubantu basendulo ngenkolo yabo yelanga.
Ngokomlando, umkhosi kaKhisimusi “wobuKristu” manje ungafakazelwa ngokokuqala ngqá ngonyaka ka-336 AD, unyaka ngaphambi kokuba uMbusi uConstantine Omkhulu afe. Engqondweni yakhe, unkulunkulu wamaKristu nonkulunkulu welanga uSol babengunkulunkulu ofanayo. Kungakho ngo-AD 321 wenza usuku olunelanga lwaba yiholide lamasonto onke nosuku lokuphumula. Umbusi uConstantine ngokuvamile waziwa ngokuhlanganisa ubuKristu nenkolo yelanga futhi alenze inkolo yezwe. Futhi lelofa lisabonakala ngezindlela eziningi ebuKristwini namuhla.
Ufundeka ngendlela ehluke kanjani umlando woMkhosi WamaJuda Wezibani:
Umkhosi wamaJuda weHanukkah wamenyezelwa uJudas Maccabeeus njengomkhosi wezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili wokunikezelwa kwethempeli nomkhosi wezibani ngemva kokubhujiswa kwethempeli ngo-December 14, 164 B.C. wakhululwa ezandleni zomashiqela u-Antiochus IV Epiphanes, wahlanzwa ekukhonzeni izithombe futhi waphinde wazinikezela kuNkulunkulu.
U-Antiochus Epiphanes wamisa i-altare likaZeyusi ethempelini laseJerusalema, wenqabela amasiko namasiko amaJuda, futhi eqinisweni, wabuyisela inkolo kaBhali ngegama elihlukile. Bobabili unkulunkulu wamaFenike uBhali noyise wamaGreki uZeyusi babekhulekelwa njengonkulunkulu belanga, njengoMithra wasePheresiya nowamaRoma. U-Antiochus wanikela ngezingulube e-altare futhi wafafaza igazi lazo endaweni engcwele engcwele. Ukugcina iSabatha nemikhosi yamaJuda kwakungavunyelwe, futhi ukusoka nokuba neBhayibheli lesiHeberu kwakunesijeziso sokufa. Noma yimiphi imiqulu yeBhayibheli eyayitholakala yayishiswa. Ngakho wayesengumanduleli wabashushisi benkathi ephakathi. Akukhona nje ngeze ukuthi umJesuit uLuis de Alcázar wahlonza uphondo esiprofethweni sikaDaniyeli no-Antiochus phakathi nenkathi ye-Counter-Reformation ukuze asebenzise isikole sakhe sokuphila ngaphambi kokuzalwa ukuze enze incazelo yobuProthestani eyayibonwa upapa kulo. Eziningi kakhulu zezici zesiprofetho zasebenza kuye, kodwa akuzona zonke.
Ngakho iHanukkah isekelwe esenzakalweni esibalulekile emlandweni wakwa-Israyeli. Ngokungafani noKhisimusi, lo mkhosi awusungulwanga emakhulwini eminyaka ngemva komcimbi okufanele uwugubhe. Akuwona umkhosi oklanyelwe ukunikeza umkhosi wenkolo owadala inkulungwane yeminyaka ukuzwakala kwenye inkolo ngokuphelele, futhi uwenze ngisho nomkhosi wawo obaluleke kakhulu. I-Hanukkah igxilile ekuqapheleni kwamaJuda. Uma ufika ekujuleni kwalomkhosi, akudingekile ukuba ugxumele emuva ngokushaqeka ngesikhathi esithile, ngoba umsuka wawo wawuwuphawu lomshado ongengcwele kakhulu emlandweni: umshado wombuso nesonto, wenkolo yelanga. kanye nobuKristu.
Kodwa kungani iHanukkah ingekho ngoDisemba 14 minyaka yonke?
Kulo nyaka iHanukkah igujwa kusukela mhla zingama-25 kuZibandlela kuya kuJanuwari 1. Ngokokubala kweBhayibheli, usuku lokuqala lwedili luqala ngobusuku bangaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Nokho, ikhalenda lamaJuda alivumelani nekhalenda likaGregory likapapa. Akulona ilanga, kodwa ikhalenda lenyanga, lapho izinyanga ziqala khona ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Ukuze kugujwe imikhosi emithathu yokuvuna yePhasika (iPhasika, ukuvunwa kwebhali), iShavuot (iPhentekoste, ukuvunwa kukakolweni) kanye neSukkot (Amadokodo, ukuvunwa kwamagilebhisi) ngezinsuku ezimisiwe, inyanga eyengeziwe kwakumelwe yengezwe njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhosi wenzeka ngesikhathi esihlukile unyaka ngamunye. 13-20 Disemba 2017; 3 - 10 Disemba 2018; 23-30 Disemba 2019; 11-18 Disemba 2020; Novemba 29 – Disemba 6, 2021 njll. Kuyacaca ukuthi i-Hanukkah, nakuba iseduze ne-solstice yasebusika, ayisekelwe osukwini lokuzalwa lukankulunkulu welanga.
Ngakho nalokho kuwumehluko omkhulu kuKhisimusi.
Manje ake sibheke amasiko.
AmaJuda abewugubha kanjani ngempela lomkhosi iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000? ITalmud ichaza ukuthi lapho uJudas Maccabeus ephinda ethatha ithempeli, kwenzeka isimangaliso esikhulu: Ukuze kukhanyise uthi lwezibani olunamagatsha ayisikhombisa, iMenorah, kwakudingeka amafutha omnqumo acwenge kakhulu, umpristi omkhulu ayewamukele. Nokho, kwatholakala ibhodlela elilodwa kuphela. Kodwa lokhu kuzokwanela usuku olulodwa kuphela. Ngokuyisimangaliso, nokho, kwathatha izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili, kanye isikhathi esathathwa ukukhiqiza amafutha e-kosher amasha.
Ngakho kulo nyaka, kusihlwa ngo-December 24, ngemva kokuhwalala, amaJuda azokhanyisa ikhandlela lokuqala lothi lwezibani lwaseHanukkah. Kumele ishise okungenani isigamu sehora. Ngobusuku obulandelayo ikhandlela lesibili liyakhanyiswa, ngakho lihamba kuze kube usuku lwesishiyagalombili nolokugcina. Amakhandlela akhanyiswa ngekhandlela lesishiyagalolunye elibizwa ngokuthi i-shamash (inceku). Ngakho-ke loluthi lwesibani, olubizwa nangokuthi uHanukiah, alunazo izingalo eziyisikhombisa njengeMenorah, kodwa izingalo eziyisishiyagalolunye.
Lapha sinokufana ekuqaleni: Njengasenkathini ye-Advent noma ngoKhisimusi, izibani ziyakhanyiswa. Abanye bathi, ngesimangaliso sokuzalwa komuntu (uJesu, ukukhanya kwezwe), abanye bacabanga ngesimangaliso sothi lwesibani olunamagatsha ayisikhombisa, olufanekisela kokubili uMesiya nekholwa ngalinye kanye nomphakathi wakubo.
Nokho, ebuKristwini, izibani namakhandlela kwaduma kuphela ezinkonzweni zesonto ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-4. Ngoba amaKristu okuqala ayebheka ukusebenzisa kwawo inkolo njengobuqaba kakhulu. Umkhosi we-Germanic Yule ngesikhathi senjikalanga yasebusika, owathonya umkhosi kaKhisimusi waseYurophu, nawo wawazi amasiko alula.
Ngakho imikhosi ihluke kancane njengembali yokwenziwa kanye nembali yemvelo. Uma usuka kude bobabili babukeka befana. Kodwa lapho usondela, imbali yokwenziwa iba yimbi kakhulu. Umzimba wakhe wonke ujwayelaniswa ngamabomu nomphumela okufanele awuzuze. Kodwa emnyombweni wawo awuhlangene nhlobo nembali nesigijimi saphezulu sothando.
Kodwa ngembali yemvelo kanye nemikhosi yeBhayibheli ungasebenzisa ngisho ne-microscope futhi uqhubeke umangala ngobuhle. Ngakho-ke, uthi lwekhandlela lweHanukkah luhlobene eduze neMenorah yeBhayibheli futhi njalo beligcizelela amaqiniso eBhayibheli ajulile avezwa ezibusisweni ezintathu ezishiwo lapho kukhanyiswa amakhandlela:
1. “Ubusisiwe wena, Jehova Nkulunkulu wethu, Nkosi yezwe, owasingcwelisa ngemiyalo yakhe, wasiyala ukuba sokhele isibani sokungcweliswa.” Imuphi umKristu namuhla osavuma ukungcweliswa ngemiyalo kaNkulunkulu? Abambalwa kakhulu. Ingabe sikhanyisa izibani nomaphi lapho siya khona? Futhi hhayi nje noma yikuphi ukukhanya, kodwa ukukhanya okwenza ithempeli lethu (thina njengabantwana bakaNkulunkulu nebandla likaNkulunkulu) likhanye ebungcweleni bobunkulunkulu?
2. “Ubusisiwe wena, Jehova Nkulunkulu wethu, Nkosi yezwe, owenza izimangaliso kobaba ngalezo zinsuku, kulesi sikhathi.” Lesi sibusiso sisikhumbuza ukuthi akufanele nanini sikhohlwe ukuthi uNkulunkulu usithinta kanjani njengabantu ngabanye nanjengesizwe. uye wahola esikhathini esedlule. Indaba yakhe nabantu bakhe kusukela ekudalweni kuze kufike kuZamcolo, uFuduko, ukudingiselwa eBhabhiloni, amaMaccabees kanye nokuza kukaMesiya ngomlando weNguquko neKufika kuze kube namuhla iwukuqhubeka okuthi, naphezu kwakho konke ukwehla nokwenyuka, ayibhubhisi kungaba. Kodwa uKhisimusi umelela labo “abangena ngokunyenya” ( Jude 4 ), ngoba “lowo ozihlalise ethempelini likaNkulunkulu njengoNkulunkulu, futhi ezisho ukuthi unguNkulunkulu.” ( 2 Thesalonika 2,4:XNUMX ) Ngakho-ke Umkhosi omele ngokuyisisekelo umumo nefilosofi ehluke ngokuphelele uzisonge ngengubo yobuKristu. Kuyo, uJesu ukhulekelwa esigabeni sokuphila kwakhe kwasemhlabeni lapho engakwazi ukukhanya noma ukuchaza isimo sikaNkulunkulu futhi afeze ukuthunywa kwakhe okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka emithathu yenkonzo yakhe, intshiseko yakhe nenkonzo yakhe ngemva kokuvuswa kwakhe kuze kube sekufeni. namuhla kuqhathanisa Ngoba ekuqaleni wayengehlukile esewusana kuneningi lezingane zabantu: ompofu, ongenakuzisiza, umuntu njengami nawe.
3. “Ubusisiwe wena Jehova Nkulunkulu wethu, Nkosi yezwe, owasiphilisa, wasisekela, wasiletha kulesi sikhathi.” UNkulunkulu unecebo ngathi. Ufuna ukusisebenzisa njengezibani nanamuhla! I-Hanukkah iphakamisa umbuzo wethempeli. uphi namuhla Sikuphi isimangaliso sokukhanya esenzeka namuhla? AmaJuda amaningi awakwazi ukunikeza impendulo eqinisekile kulokhu. Kodwa uma umazi uJesu, iHanukkah ikwenza ucabange.
Imikhosi ejabulisayo igujwa phakathi komndeni nabangane ngezikhathi zakusihlwa ze-Hanukkah. Emini wenza umsebenzi wakho ojwayelekile. Kusihlwa, noma kunjalo, kukhona ama-sweet fat pastries, ama-donuts nama-pancake amazambane. Abantu bacula izingoma ezikhethekile ze-Hanukkah futhi bahlangane esinagogeni noma endaweni evulekile ukuze bakhanyise izibani. Imithandazo iyashiwo, indaba yeHanukkah iyaxoxwa, imidlalo iyadlalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu baphana kakhulu futhi bazimisele ukunikela. Izipho ziyashintshaniswa. AmaHubo 30, 67 no-91 athandwa kakhulu ukuba ashiwo ngeHanukkah.
Ukufana okusobala phakathi kukaKhisimusi neHanukkah kuvela eqinisweni lokuthi yomibili iyimikhosi. Umkhosi wabo womlingiswa okhanyayo ubonakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zethu ezisenyakatho phakathi nezinyanga ezimnyama zasebusika. U-Nehemiah useyatusa iziphuzo ezinoshukela nokudla okunamafutha ngezinsuku zamadili (Nehemiya 8,10:XNUMX). Iqiniso lokuthi akudingekile ukuthi lithoswe noma ligazingwe, licoliswe noma lifakwe uswidi licacela wonke umuntu okhathalela impilo futhi libavumela ukuthi basungule.
Kunoma ikuphi, kumelwe kusho okuthile uJesu akukho ndawo asicela ukuba sigubhe usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa, lapho esicela ngokucacile ukuba sigubhe omunye umkhosi: iSidlo SeNkosi, lapho kufanele sikhumbule ukufa kwakhe komhlatshelo...
Futhi uzizwa kanjani ngeHanukkah?
Inkulumo ayinikeza eHanukkah idluliselwa eVangelini likaJohane: ‘Umkhosi wokunikezelwa kwethempeli wawuseJerusalema; futhi kwakusebusika.« ( Johane 10,22:30 ) Le nkulumo iphakathi nenkulumo ephathelene noMalusi Omuhle. Ngayo waphetha imfundiso ayeyifundisa kusukela efika eJerusalema eMkhosini Wamadokodo ekwindla ka-AD XNUMX. Ngakho, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uJesu waba nengxenye emikhosini yeMikhosi Yamadokodo neHanukkah.
Umyalezo awumemezela kulokhu kuhlala eJerusalema uyathakazelisa:
Ngomkhosi Wamadokodo: »Nginguye ukukhanya kwezwe okungokwami uyalandela, kayikuhamba ebumnyameni, kodwa uzakuba ngukukhanya kwe AmaLebens ( Johane 8,12:XNUMX ) Ngoba kwakukhona futhi isiko lokukhanya ngoMkhosi Wamadokodo, lapho ngesikhathi somhlatshelo wakusihlwa kwakukhanyiswa izibani ezimbili ezinde egcekeni ukuze zikhanyise lonke iJerusalema futhi kanjalo kukhunjulwe insika yomlilo eyaletha ukukhanya. U-Israyeli aphume eGibhithe.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili nje kamuva eHanukkah wathi:Nginguye umalusi omuhle... Izimvu zami ziyalizwa izwi lami, futhi ngiyazazi, nazo folgen Ngilandele; futhi ngibanika kuze kube phakade ukuphila.« ( Johane 10,11.27:28, 5,14-XNUMX ) Ngalezi zinkulumo ezimbili uJesu wembula imfihlo yeNtshumayelo YaseNtabeni: “Nina niwukukhanya kwezwe.” ( Mathewu XNUMX:XNUMX ) Ngoba manje kwase kuchaziwe ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani. kungenzeka. Singaba ukukhanya kwezwe kuphela uma siqaphela ukukhanya kukaNkulunkulu okukuJesu futhi simlandele singene endlini engcwele yasezulwini, ngisho nasendlini engcwele yasezulwini, sizwe izwi lakhe futhi samukele ukuphila kwakhe.
Ngalokhu, uJesu wembula incazelo ejulile yomkhosi wezibani nokungcweliswa kweHanukkah. Nakuba waqala enkathini yama-Israyeli yokuhlangana lapho izwi lesiprofetho lithule, lomkhosi ugcina inkumbulo iphila ukuthi ngisho nangalesikhathi sobumnyama uNkulunkulu akazange abalahle abantu bakhe nethempeli, kodwa wenza isimangaliso ukuze abuyisele inkonzo yasethempelini ukuze agcine ukufika kokuqala. kaMesiya wakhe. I-candelabra enamagatsha ayisikhombisa yasha futhi, ithempeli langcweliswa futhi. Ngakho, umkhosi weHanukkah wabikezela ukuza kukaJesu njengokukhanya kweqiniso kwezwe cishe eminyakeni engu-200 kamuva, nokuhlanzwa kwendlu engcwele yasemhlabeni ayeyokwenza ekuqaleni nasekuphetheni kwenkonzo yakhe emhlabeni, nokuhlanzwa kwendlu engcwele yasezulwini. lokho kwakuyokwandulela ukubuya kwakhe.
Ngakho, iHanukkah inomyalezo wesikhathi sokuphela ngisho nomyalezo wesikhathi sokuphela: Ukunqoba kwamaMaccabees phezu kuka-Antiochus kwakuwumfanekiso wokunqoba kweNkathi Yenguquko ekuQulweni Kwamacala Ezihlubuki kanye nobizo lokungcweliswa kwezingelosi ezintathu, okwathi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho nanamuhla zinxusa zonke izakhamuzi. womhlaba ekubeni ngumfundi ongayekethisi.
Amakhandlela akhanyiswa ku-Hanukkah. Lokhu kuvumelana nomyalo weBhayibheli: “Ngizakukugcina, ngikwenze isivumelwano sabantu, ukukhanya kwabezizwe, ukuvula amehlo ezimpumputhe, ukhiphe ababoshiwe etilongweni, ukhiphe etilongweni labo ababoshiweyo. nihlezi ebumnyameni ... ukuze ube yinsindiso yami kuze kube-semikhawulweni yomhlaba!” ( Isaya 42,6.7:49,6; 58,8:60,1 ) “Khona-ke ukukhanya kwakho kuyakuvela njengokusa.” ( Isaya XNUMX:XNUMX ) “Ukukhanya kwakho kuyakuvela njengokusa.” "Vuka, ukhanye! Ngokuba ukukhanya kwakho kuyakufika, nenkazimulo kaJehova izophuma phezu kwakho.”—Isaya XNUMX:XNUMX.
Lokhu kuletha ukukhanya akukwazi ukuphelela emakhandleleni. Abantu badinga ukukhanya ebumnyameni ukuze bangakhubeki futhi balahlekelwe indlela yabo. Yeka usizi lapho abantu bekhanyisa izibani zokwenziwa kodwa behlala ebumnyameni ngaphakathi!
I-Hanukkah iyangikhanga! Kungani singazibeki ngaphandle imizwa yethu ngomkhosi we-Hanukkah owawunganakiwe? Amakhandlela e-Hanukkah kulula uku-oda ku-inthanethi. Izihloko zeBhayibheli zezingxoxo zakusihlwa zitholakala kalula. Kungani ungafaki lomkhosi unomphela ohlelweni lwethu lonyaka? Lisitshela okunengi ngoNkulunkulu wethu leNkosi yethu uJesu. Cishe kuthe ukucinana kulo nyaka. Kodwa uDecember ozayo uzofika nakanjani.
Shiya amazwana