Funda ngobufakazi baseSpain bokholo bobuProthestani nenkululeko engokwenkolo ekhulwini le-16. Ngu-Ellen White, uClarence Crisler, HH Hall

Isikhathi sokufunda: imizuzu eyi-10

Lesi sahluko sencwadi ethi The Great Controversy sikhona kuphela enguqulweni yeSpanishi futhi sahlanganiswa ngonobhala bakhe egameni lika-Ellen White.

Kwase kudlule iminyaka engu-XNUMX kusukela izincwadi zokuqala zezimfundiso zeNguquko zafika eSpain. Naphezu kwemizamo ehlangene yeSonto LamaRoma Katolika, intuthuko yomshoshaphansi ayizange imiswe. Unyaka nonyaka ubuProthestani babukhula ngamandla kwaze kwaba yilapho izinkulungwane zabantu zingena enkolweni entsha. Ngezikhathi ezithile, abanye babo baya kwamanye amazwe ukuze bajabulele inkululeko yenkolo. Abanye bashiya amakhaya abo ukuze basize ekuzenzeleni izincwadi zabo, ezihloselwe ngokukhethekile ukuthuthukisa injongo ababeyithanda ngaphezu kwempilo ngokwayo. Abanye, njengezindela ezashiya ikhaya lezindela laseSan Isidoro, bazizwa bephoqelekile ukuthi bahambe ngenxa yezimo zabo ezithile.

Ukunyamalala kwala makholwa, amaningi awo ayenendima evelele ezindabeni zezombangazwe nezenkolo, kwase kuyisikhathi eside kubangele izinsolo zokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abanye ababengekho batholakala phesheya, lapho babezama khona ukuthuthukisa ukholo lwamaProthestani eSpain. Lokhu kwanikeza umbono wokuthi kwakunamaProthestani amaningi eSpain. Nokho, abathembekile babenze ngokuhlakanipha kangangokuthi akekho umhloli wamacala owathola ukuthi babekuphi.

Khona-ke uchungechunge lwezenzakalo lwaholela ekutholakaleni kwezikhungo zale nhlangano eSpain kanye namakholwa amaningi. Ngo-1556 uJuan Pérez, owayehlala eGeneva ngaleso sikhathi, wayeseyiqedile inguqulo yakhe yeTestamente Elisha yeSpanishi. Wahlela ukuthumela lolu hlelo eSpain kanye namakhophi ekhathekizimu yeSpanishi awalungiselela ngonyaka olandelayo kanye nenguqulo yamaHubo. Nokho, kwamthatha isikhathi ukuthola othile owayezimisele ukuqala leli bhizinisi eliyingozi. Ekugcineni, uJulián Hernández, umthengisi wezincwadi othembekile, wavuma ukuyizama. Lezi zincwadi wazifihla emiphongolweni emibili emikhulu futhi wakwazi ukubalekela izikhohlakali zeNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki. Wafika eSeville, lapho imiqulu eyigugu yasakazwa khona ngokushesha. Lolu hlelo lweTestamente Elisha lwaluyinguqulo yokuqala yamaProthestani eyasakazwa kabanzi eSpain.

'Ohambweni lwakhe, uHernández wayenikeze umkhandi wensimbi eFlanders ikhophi yeTestamente Elisha. Umkhandi wensimbi wabonisa umfundisi incwadi futhi wamchazela ngomnikezi. Lokhu kwaxwayisa ngokushesha iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki eSpain. Ngenxa yalolu lwazi, "ekubuyeni kwakhe, abashushisi bamlalisa futhi bambopha eduze kwedolobha lasePalma". Bambuyisela eSeville futhi bamvalela ngaphakathi kwezindonga zeNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki, lapho bazama khona konke ababengakwenza ukuze bamenze akhaphele abangane bakhe iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Wahlala ethembekile kwaze kwaba sekugcineni futhi wakhuthazelela ngesibindi ukufel’ ukholo esigxotsheni. Wajabula ngokuthi wayenelungelo nelungelo ‘lokuletha ukukhanya kweqiniso laphezulu ezweni lakubo elidukile. Wayelubheke ngabomvu uSuku Lokwahlulela ngokuqiniseka: khona-ke wayezovela phambi koMenzi wakhe, ezwe amazwi okuvunyelwa kwaphezulu, futhi aphile neNkosi yakhe kuze kube phakade.

Nakuba behluleka ukuthola ukwaziswa kuHernández okungenzeka kwaholela ekutholakaleni kwabangane bakhe, “ekugcineni bafunda lokho ayekufihlile isikhathi eside kangaka” ( M’Crie, isahluko 7 ). Ngaleso sikhathi, labo ababephethe iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki eSpain “bathola izindaba zokuthi kwakutholakele imiphakathi eyimfihlo yaseValladolid. Ngokushesha bathumela izithunywa ezinkantolo zamacala ahlukahlukene ebukhosini, bezicela ukuba zenze uphenyo oluyimfihlo ezindaweni zabo. Kufanele balungele ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokuhlanganyela ngokushesha nje lapho bethola eminye imiyalelo' (ibid.). Ngale ndlela, amagama amakhulu amakholwa atholakala buthule futhi ngokushesha. Esikhathini esithile, babe sebeboshwa kanyekanye futhi bagqunywa ejele ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Amalungu ahloniphekile emiphakathi echumayo yaseValladolid naseSeville, izindela ezasala esigodlweni sezindela saseSan Isidoro del Campo, amakholwa athembekile ahlala kude enyakatho ngaphansi kwezintaba zasePyrenees, nabanye eToledo, Granada, Murcia naseValencia bazithola bengaphakathi kwezindonga zeNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki, kodwa bagcina ubufakazi babo ngegazi labo.

“Labo ababelahlwe ubuLuthela […] babebaningi kangangokuthi banele ukuba izisulu ekushisweni kwezimoto ezine ezinkulu nezidabukisayo [zokushiswa komphakathi] phakathi neminyaka emibili eyalandela. Ezimbili zazibanjelwe eValladolid ngo-1559, eyodwa eSeville ngawo lowo nyaka, kanti enye yayingoDisemba 22, 1560” (BB Wiffen, inothi oshicilelweni lwakhe olusha Espístola consolatoria nguJuan Pérez, ikhasi 17).
Phakathi kwabokuqala ababoshwa eSeville kwakunoDkt. UConstantino Ponce de la Fuente, obesebenza isikhathi eside engasoleki. “Lapho izindaba zifinyelela kuCharles V, owayesesigodlweni sezindela saseYuste ngaleso sikhathi, zokuthi umfundisi wakhe amthandayo wayeboshiwe, wababaza: ‘Uma uConstantino eyisihlubuki, khona-ke ungumhlubuki omkhulu!’ Futhi lapho umhloli wamacala kamuva emqinisekisa ukuthi utholwe enecala, waphendula ngokububula: ‘Awunakumlahla omkhulu kunaye!’” ( USandoval, Umlando woMbusi uCarlos V, Umq. 2, 829; ecashunwe kuM'Crie, Isahluko 7).

Nokho, kwakungelula ukufakazela icala likaConstantino. Eqinisweni, abashushisi babonakala bengakwazi ukufakazela amacala ayebekwe wona lapho ngephutha “bethola, phakathi kwabanye abaningi, ivolumu enkulu ebhalwe ngokuphelele embhalweni wesandla kaConstantino. Lapho, waklama ngokucacile, njengokungathi uzibhalela yena kuphela, futhi wasebenzelana ngokuyinhloko (njengoba abaQulwa Bamacala Ezihlubuki bachaza esahlulelweni sakhe kamuva esanyathelisa esigcawini) lezi zihloko ezilandelayo: ngesimo seSonto; ngeBandla leqiniso kanye neBandla likaPapa alibiza ngokuthi Umphikukristu; ngeSakramente leSidlo kanye nokusungulwa kweMisa, athi ngalo izwe lalithunjwe ukungazi imiBhalo Engcwele; mayelana nokulungisiswa komuntu; mayelana nesihlanzo sokuhlanza, asibiza ngokuthi ikhanda lempisi kanye nokusungulwa kwezindela ngenxa yokuminza kwazo; ezinkomeni zikapapa nezincwadi zokuzitika; mayelana nokufaneleka kwamadoda; ekuvumeni izono [...] Lapho ivolumu iboniswa kuConstantino, wathi: »Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi ngibhale ngesandla futhi ngivuma obala ukuthi ngikubhalile konke lokhu futhi ngimemezela ngobuqotho ukuthi konke kuyiqiniso. Awudingi ukuqhubeka ubheka ubufakazi obungimelene nami: usunesivumo sokholo sami esicacile nesicacile. Ngakho yenza okufunayo.« (R. Gonzales de Montes, 320-322; 289, 290)

Ngenxa yobunzima bokuboshwa kwakhe, uConstantino akazange asinde ngisho neminyaka emibili ejele. Kwaze kwaba semizuzwini yakhe yokugcina wahlala ethembekile okholweni lwakhe lobuProthestani futhi walondoloza ukuthembela kwakhe okuzolile kuNkulunkulu. Kumelwe ukuba kwakuwukuhlakanipha ukuthi esitokisini esifanayo lapho uConstantino ayeboshelwe khona kwafakwa indela esencane evela esigodlweni sezindela saseSan Isidoro del Campo, owayevunyelwe ukumnakekela ngesikhathi sokugula kwakhe kokugcina nokuvala amehlo akhe ngokuthula ( M'Crie, isahluko 7 ).

uDkt UConstantino kwakungeyena yedwa umngane nomfundisi woMbusi owahlupheka ngenxa yokuxhumana kwakhe nesizathu samaProthestani. uDkt U-Agustín Cazalla, okwase kuyiminyaka eminingi ebhekwa njengomunye wabashumayeli abangcono kakhulu eSpain futhi evame ukuvela phambi komkhaya wasebukhosini, wayephakathi kwalabo ababoshwa futhi baboshwa eValladolid. Ekubulaweni kwakhe obala, ekhuluma neNkosazana uJuana, ayevame ukushumayela kuyo, futhi ekhomba udadewabo owayegwetshiwe naye, wathi: “Ngiyakuncenga, Nkosi, uhawukele lo wesifazane ongenacala oshiya izintandane eziyishumi nantathu.” Nokho, akazange akhululwe, nakuba kungaziwa ukuthi uzokwenzekani. Kodwa kwaziwa kahle ukuthi abasekeli beNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki, ngonya lwabo olungenangqondo, abazange baneliswe ukulahla abaphilayo. Baphinde bavulela izinyathelo zomthetho umama walo wesifazane, uDoña Leonor de Vivero, owashona eminyakeni edlule. Wayesolwa ngokusebenzisa umuzi wakhe "njengethempeli lamaLuthela." 'Kwanqunywa ukuthi ushone esesimweni sokuhlubuka, inkumbulo yakhe inyundelwe nempahla yakhe idliwe. Kwayalwa ukuba amathambo akhe ambiwe futhi ashiswe obala kanye nomfanekiso wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlu yabo yayizobhidlizwa, kufafazwe usawoti phezu kwendawo, futhi kwamiswa nensika lapho enombhalo ochaza isizathu sokucekelwa phansi. Konke lokhu kuye kwenziwa' futhi leli tshe lesikhumbuzo selimile cishe iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu.

Phakathi ne-auto-da-fé, ukholo oluphakeme nokuqina okungaguquki kwamaProthestani kwabonakala ecaleni lika-"Antonio Herrezuelo, isazi somthetho esihlakaniphe ngokwedlulele, nomkakhe, uDoña Leonor de Cisneros, intokazi ehlakaniphe kakhulu neyinhle ngokumangalisayo, nobuhle benganekwane."

“UHerrezuelo wayeyindoda eqotho futhi enamacala aqinile, okwakungenakukwenza lutho ngisho nokuhlukunyezwa kweNkantolo 'Engcwele' Yamacala Ezihlubuki. Kukho konke ukuphenywa kwakhe nabahluleli [...] wayezisholo ukuthi ungumProthestani kusukela ekuqaleni, hhayi nje umProthestani, kodwa ummeleli wehlelo lakhe edolobheni laseToro, lapho ayehlala khona ngaphambili. Ama-Inquisitors afuna ukuba asho amagama alabo ayebafake endabeni entsha, kodwa izithembiso, ukunxusa, nezinsongo azikwazanga ukunyakazisa ukuzimisela kukaHerrezuelo ukukhaphela abangane nabalandeli bakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nokuhlushwa akukwazanga ukukuqeda ukuqina kwakhe, okwakunamandla kunesihlahla se-oki esigugile noma idwala eliqhoshayo eliphuma olwandle.
Umkakhe […] naye owayeboshiwe emigodini yeNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki […] wagcina ezinikele ekwesabeni kwezindonga eziwumngcingo, ezimnyama, ephathwa njengesigebengu, kude nomyeni wakhe, ayemthanda ngaphezu kwempilo yakhe […] futhi ethuswa ulaka lwabashushisi. Ngakho ekugcineni wamemezela ukuthi wayezinikele emaphutheni ezihlubuki futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ezwakalisa ukuzisola kwakhe ngezinyembezi [...]
Ngosuku lwe-pompous auto-da-fé, lapho abashushisi babebukisa ngobuhle babo, abasolwa bangena esikafulani bezwa izigwebo zabo zifundwa lapho. UHerrezuelo wayezobhujiswa amalangabi omlilo, futhi umkakhe uDoña Leonor kwakumelwe alahle izimfundiso zamaLuthela ayenamathele kuzo ngaphambili futhi ahlale emajele ayelungiselelwe lenjongo ngomyalo weNkantolo “Engcwele” Yokuqulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki. Lapho wayezojeziselwa amaphutha akhe ngokuphenduka kanye nokululazwa kwengubo yokuzisola, futhi aphinde afundiswe ukuze esikhathini esizayo agcine endleleni yencithakalo nokubhujiswa kwakhe.” UDe Castro, 167, 168.

Lapho uHerrezuelo eholelwa esikafini, “wathinteka kuphela ngokubona umkakhe egqoke izingubo zokuzisola; futhi ukubukeka kwayo (ngoba yayingakwazi ukukhuluma) yamgqolozela lapho idlula kuye, isendleleni eya lapho abulawelwa khona, kwabonakala sengathi ithi: ‘Lokhu kulukhuni ngempela ukukuthwala!’ Wazilalela ngokunganaki izindela, ezamcindezela ngeziyalo zazo ezikhathazayo zokuhlehla lapho zimyisa emgodini womlilo. 'The Bachiller Herrezuelo', kusho uGonzalo de Illescas encwadini yakhe ethi Historia pontifical, 'uzivumele ashiswe ephila ngobuqhawe obungakaze bubonwe. Ngangisondelene kakhulu naye kangangokuthi ngangimbona ngokugcwele futhi ngibuke konke ukunyakaza nokukhuluma kwakhe. Wayengakwazi ukukhuluma, evalwe umlomo: [...] kodwa konke ukuziphatha kwakhe kwabonisa ukuthi wayengumuntu ozimisele ngokungavamile futhi onamandla owakhetha ukufa elangabini lomlilo kunokuba akholwe nabangane bakhe lokho ayekucelwe kubo. Naphezu kokubhekisisa kahle, angikwazanga ukubona noluncane uphawu lokwesaba noma lobuhlungu; nokho ebusweni bakhe kwakukhona ukudabuka engingakaze ngikubone ngaphambili.’ ( M’Crie, Isahluko 7)

Umkakhe akazange akhohlwe ukubukeka kwakhe kokuvalelisa. Isazi-mlando sithi: 'Umqondo wokuthi wayemzwise ubuhlungu phakathi nempi embi kakhulu okwakudingeka ayikhuthazelele, wavutha amalangabi othando ngenkolo eguquliwe eyayivutha ngasese esifubeni sakhe; futhi ngokunquma “ukulandela isibonelo sokuqina komfel’ ukholo, ethembela emandleni enziwe aphelele ebuthakathakeni,” “wayiphazamisa ngokuzimisela indlela yokuzisola ayeyiqalile”. Ngokushesha waphonswa ejele, lapho iminyaka engu-171 amelana khona nayo yonke imizamo yabaQuquzeli Bezihlubuki ukuba abuyiselwe. Ekugcineni naye washona emlilweni njengoba umyeni wakhe wayeseshonile. Ubani owayengavumelani nomuntu wakubo uDe Castro lapho ebabaza: 'Umbhangqwana ongajabule, ngokufanayo othandweni, ngokufanayo emfundisweni nangokufa ngokufanayo! Ubani ongeke akhale izinyembezi ngenxa yenkumbulo yakho, futhi ezwe ethukile futhi edelelwa abahluleli abathi, esikhundleni sokuthumba imimoya ngobumnandi bezwi likaNkulunkulu, basebenzise ukuhlukunyezwa nomlilo njengezindlela zokukholisa? ”(De Castro, XNUMX)

Kwakunjalo ngabaningi ababezihlanganisa eduze neNguquko YamaProthestani eSpain yekhulu le-16. “Nokho, akumelwe siphethe ngokuthi abafel’ ukholo baseSpain badela ukuphila kwabo ngeze futhi bachitha igazi labo ngeze. Banikela ngemihlatshelo enephunga elimnandi kuNkulunkulu, bashiya ubufakazi beqiniso obungakaze balahleke” (M'Crie, Isandulela).

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, lobu bufakazi buye baqinisa ukuqina kwalabo abakhetha ukulalela uNkulunkulu kunabantu. Kusaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla ukunikeza isibindi kulabo abathi, ngesikhathi sokuvivinywa kwabo, bakhethe ukuma baqine futhi bavikele amaqiniso eZwi likaNkulunkulu. Ngokukhuthazela kwabo nokholo olungantengantengi, bayoba ofakazi abaphilayo bamandla aguqulayo omusa ohlengayo.

ekupheleni kochungechunge

Teil 1

Koku: I-Conflicto de los Silos, I-219-226