Dziko lapansi lasanduka mudzi. Mbiri ya ulosi sikuchitikanso molunjika kuzungulira nyanja ya Mediterranean. Ndi Kai Mester

Nthawi yowerenga: 20 min

Chithunzi chochokera m’maloto a Nebukadinezara, mfumu ya ku Babulo, n’chodziwika kwa aliyense woyamba kuphunzira ulosi, chodziwika bwino moti n’kovuta kuchiyang’ananso. Chifukwa ambiri amadziwa kale mkati ndi kunja.

Kuphunzira limodzi ndi achinyamata angapo kunanditsegula maso kuti ndidzifunse mafunso atsopano. Pano pali kukambirana chabe:
Kodi Baibulo limati chiyani pa nkhani ya maboma a maufumu aakulu? Kodi tikukhala m'maufumu angati? Kodi ufumu wa Mulungu udzayamba liti? Kodi kugawanika kwa ufumu wapadziko lonse wotsiriza kunayamba bwanji? Kodi phokoso la mapazi a chiboliboli limatanthauza chiyani? Kodi tanthauzo la mawu m'Baibulo ndi chiyani? Kodi kulengedwa kwa maufumu kumakhudzana bwanji ndi chilengedwe cha Mulungu? Kodi Mesiya akupezeka kuti dzina m’loto la Nebukadinezara? Kodi Roma anasakanizadi ndi dongo loyera? Kodi chiwawa ndi chikhulupiriro n'zogwirizana? Kodi mpingo ukuchita chiyani pa ndale? Kodi tidakali Aroma lero?
Nkhaniyi ikuyesera kupereka mayankho. Ndine wokondwa ngati mukufuna kudziwa.

Kodi chibolibolicho chikukwiyitsa bwanji?

Nthawi zina simungathe kuona nkhalango ya mitengo. Ndinali ndisanadzifunse kuti: Kodi nchifukwa ninji Nebukadinezara anawonadi maufumu a dziko lapansi mumpangidwe wa chifanizo?

Maloto ake akufotokozedwa mu chaputala chachiwiri cha buku la m’Baibulo la Danieli – m’Chiaramu. Chithunzicho chimatchedwa tselem m'chinenerochi. Mu Chihebri nayenso. Chotero tingathe kuŵerenga m’Chipangano Chakale chonse, chimene chinalembedwa m’Chihebri chokha, ndi kuona pamene liwu lakuti tselem likupezekabe. Timachipeza m’kulengedwa kwa munthu “m’chifaniziro” cha Mulungu ( Genesis ), mafano achitsulo ( Numeri 1:4 ), mafano a Baala ( 33,52 Mafumu 2:11,18 ), mafano onyansa ( Ezekieli 7,20:16,17 ) , ziboliboli za anthu. ( Ezekieli 5,26:XNUMX ) ndi ziboliboli za mafano ( Amosi XNUMX:XNUMX ).

Popeza kuti fanolo lawonongedwa ndi mwala, umene umaimira ufumu wa Mulungu, maufumu a dziko ophiphiritsidwawo asanduka fano la munthu. Ulemu umene amapatsidwa kwenikweni ndi wa Mulungu. Inu mukudziyika nokha mu malo a Mulungu.

Ndicho chifukwa chake Nebukadinezara Wachiŵiri, monga momwe akutchulidwira m’mbiri lerolino, nayenso anapanga kope lenileni la fano lamalotolo. Chifukwa ankafuna kuti ufumu wake usagwe. Chiboliboli chake m’chigwa cha Dura chinali cha golidi yense, mutu wokhawo m’malotowo ukuimira Ufumu Watsopano wa Babulo (605-539 BC). Kunena zowona, ufumu umenewu unatha zaka 66 zokha [sic!].

Mwachiwonekere, mpangidwe wa boma la maufumu ameneŵa, mosasamala kanthu za ulemerero wonse, sukhalitsa. Iye samadzitsimikizira yekha. Chimatsutsana kotheratu ndi mtundu wa boma waumulungu.

Kodi tikukhalamo maufumu angati?

Kufikira tsopano ndinali nditawonapo maufumu asanu otsutsana ndi umulungu oimiridwa ndi zinthu zisanu zosiyana m’chifaniziro chosasunthika. Koma tsopano, kwanthaŵi yoyamba, ndinazindikira kuti pali maufumu anayi okha: maufumu anayi, oimiridwa ndi golidi, siliva, mkuwa, ndi chitsulo, amene agonjetsa anthu a Mulungu kuyambira m’masiku a Danieli. Ndipotu chitsulo chimafika kumapeto kwa dziko. Phokoso la mapazi ndi kusakaniza kwa zinthu ndipo silikuyimira malo akeake.

“Inu (Nebukadinezara) ndinu mutu wagolide. Koma mukadzatero ufumu wina kukwera pang'ono kuposa inu; ndi ufumu wachitatu wotsatira, mkuwa, udzalamulira dziko lapansi. ndi ufumu wachinayi adzakhala wolimba ngati chitsulo; koma kuti iwe wawona mapazi ndi zala, mwina dongo la woumba, ndi mwina chitsulo, zikutanthauza ufumu (ndiye wachinayi) adzagawanika.” ( Danieli 2,38:41-XNUMX )

Chotero tikukhalabe lerolino mu ufumu wa dziko wachinayi kuchokera mu ulosi wa Danieli.

A Persian Achaemenids ndi Greek Hellenism

Mfumu ya Perisiya, Koresi Wachiwiri, inagonjetsa Babulo, koma anapitiriza kulamulira ufumu wake ku Susa. Pambuyo pake, Mfumu Darios Woyamba inakhazikitsa mzinda wokhalamo wa Persepolis. Umenewo unali ufumu wachiwiri. Pamene Persepolis 331 BC BC adagonjetsedwa ndi Alexander Wamkulu, izi zikutanthauza kutha kwa Ufumu wa Perisiya pambuyo pa zaka 200 zabwino.

Kuyambira tsopano Agiriki analamulira Israeli ndi Chihelene chawo. Ufumu wa Dziko Lachitatu unayamba. Koma mu 164 B.C. Iwo anagonjetsedwa ku Yerusalemu ndi Maccabees Achiyuda. M’chaka cha 30 BC Kukongola kotsiriza kwa ufumu wa dziko la Greece kunatha pambuyo pa zaka 200 ndi imfa ya Cleopatra, farao wotsiriza wa Ptolemies wa Greek-Egypt.

Panthaŵiyo, Roma, Ufumu Wachinayi, unalanda mbali yaikulu ya dziko limene kale linali la Agiriki, kuphatikizapo mu 63 B.C. BC ndi Pompeius komanso Yerusalemu. Tikukhalabe mu ufumu wadziko lonse wachinayi lero. Chifukwa chakuti m’chifaniziro chokhalitsa ufumu wa dziko wachinayi ukupitiriza kukhalapo mpaka tsiku lomaliza.

Pali lingaliro kuti ufumu wa Mulungu unakhazikitsidwa kale ndi Yesu. Koma Yesu mwiniyo atatsala pang’ono kufa ananena kuti: ‘Tengani [kapu] ichi ndi kuchigawirana. Pakuti ndinena kwa inu, sindidzamwanso chipatso cha mpesa, kufikira Ufumu wa Mulungu wafika.” ( Luka 22,17.18:XNUMX, XNUMX ) Ufumu wa Mulungu wayandikira pamene Yesu anadza koyamba ndipo unayambira m’mitima ya anthu. a okhulupirira. Monga chotupitsa chitupitsa dziko lapansi; ngati kambewu kampiru, kamamera mtengo waukulu. Koma sichinafike mpaka kudza kwake kwachiwiri pamene inagonjetsa maufumuwo.

Kudetsedwa ndi nkhani yanovel

Kodi ufumu womaliza wa Roma unagawanika bwanji?

“M’menemo mudzatsala mphamvu zina zachitsulo, monga mmene munaonera chitsulo chosakanizika ndi dongo lotayirira.” ( Danieli 2,41:XNUMX ) Apa chitsulo sichinasakanizike ndi dongo, koma chinasakanikirana ndi dongo. Chitsulo, chimene chinabwera poyamba motsatira zaka, tsopano chasakanikirana ndi dongo. Makhalidwe a Ufumu Wachinayi akusintha. Poyamba ufumuwo unali chitsulo choyera, koma kenako umataya chiyero chake. Ndizodetsedwa ndi zinthu zatsopano komanso zodabwitsa za fanolo.

Wophunzira aliyense wa uneneri adzawona kuti mtengo wa zitsulo mu fanolo unali utachepa, koma kuuma kwake kunakula. Babulo anangodulidwa mu golidi, chuma, luso, kukongola, ungwiro, nzeru, sayansi - chifukwa golide amaimira zonsezi - ndi maufumu otsatirawa, ngati tikufuna kukhulupirira mawu a loto. Koma mbiri imatipatsanso malangizo. Mwachitsanzo, chisonkhezero cha chikhalidwe cha Agiriki chinaposa Roma wakale, kutisonyeza ife kuti Girisi anali chitsulo chapamwamba.

Roma wakhala akulamulira ndi ndodo yachitsulo kwa zaka zoposa 2000. Kuuma kwake sikumangowonekera muutali waulamuliro wake, komanso nkhanza zankhondo zomwe zidalimbitsa kupambana kwake kuyambira pachiyambi.

Zinthu zatsopano zomwe dziko lachinayi tsopano ladetsedwa nazo zimatidabwitsa, chifukwa sizinapangidwe ndi mtengo kapena mwala, zomwe nthawi zambiri mafano amapangidwa ndi mtengo wotsika:

“Anamwa vinyo, nalemekeza milungu yagolidi, yasiliva, yamkuwa, yachitsulo, yamitengo, ndi yamiyala.” ( Danieli 5,4.23:60,17 ) “M’malo mwa mkuwa ndidzabweretsa golidi, m’malo mwa chitsulo ndidzabweretsa siliva m’malo mwa mtengo wamkuwa. ndi chitsulo m’malo mwa mwala.” ( Yesaya 9,20:XNUMX ) “Golidi, siliva, mkuwa, ndi miyala, ndi mafano amtengo.” ( Chivumbulutso XNUMX:XNUMX ) “N’chifukwa chiyani tinganene kuti:

Koma m’malo mwa matabwa, timaona zinthu zosalimba kwambiri: dongo la woumba. Tiyeni tione bwinobwino.

Kodi dongo loumba mbiya limatanthauza chiyani m’Baibulo?

M’Baibulo, liwulo limaimira anthu a Mulungu, Aisrayeli.

“Ndipo ndinatsikira ku nyumba ya woumba mbiya, ndipo, taonani, iye anali kupanga ntchito pa njinga. Koma chotengeracho adachipanga kuwomba zopangidwa, zinawonongeka m'manja mwa woumba. Choncho anayambanso kupanga chotengera china, monga mmene woumbayo anaonera. Pamenepo mau a Yehova anadza kwa ine, kuti, Kodi sindingathe kukuchitirani monga woumba uyu, inu nyumba ya Israyeli? atero Yehova. Chonde onani, monga dongo m’dzanja la woumba, kotero muli m'manja mwanga, Nyumba ya Israeli! ( Yeremiya 18,3:6-XNUMX )

Mosiyana ndi wosula golidi kapena siliva, woumba mbiya amaumba dongo ndi manja ake mogwirizana kwambiri.

“Koma tsopano, Yehova, ndinu atate wathu; ndife kuwomba, ndipo inu ndinu woumba wathu; tonse tiri ntchito ya manja anu. Musakwiye kwambiri, Yehova, ndipo musakumbukire kulakwa kwanu kosatha. Chonde lingalirani kuti tonsefe ndife anthu anu!” ( Yesaya 64,7:8-XNUMX )

Liwulo likuyimira mpingo wa Mulungu wa Ayuda ndi Amitundu:

“Kodi woumba alibe mphamvu pa anthu kuwomba, ndi nthiti imodzi, kupanga chotengera chimodzi cha ulemu, ndi china chamanyazi? Koma ngati Mulungu, pofuna kuonetsa mkwiyo wake, ndi kuonetsa mphamvu yake, anapirira ndi kuleza mtima kwakukulu zotengera za mkwiyo zokonzekera chiwonongeko, kuti akaonetserenso chuma cha ulemerero wake m’zotengera zachifundo zimene adazikonzeratu ku ulemerero. kukonzekera Wachita? Anatiyitana ife choncho, osati mwa amitundu okha Juden dzina loyamba, komanso kuchokera pa Achikunja(Ŵelengani Aroma 9,21:24-XNUMX.)

Mulungu amakonza munthu ndi dongo:

“Kumbukirani kuti ndinu anapangidwa ngati dongo kukhala; ndipo tsopano ukufuna kundibwezera fumbi!” ( Yobu 10,9:XNUMX )

Kodi loto la Nebukadinezara limatanthauza kuti winawake anali kuyesa kutsanzira zimene Mulungu analenga pokhazikitsa maufumu? Kodi pali winawake pano amene ankafuna kulenga chinachake chimene chingalepheretse mapulani a Mulungu chifukwa chakuti chinafanana nawo m’njira inayake? Kodi gawo lomaliza la ufumu wachinayi m’mapazi a chiboliboli ndi pachimake cha kutsanzira Mulungu, chifukwa tsopano nkhaniyi ndi zinthu zaumulungu za chilengedwe?

Mutu wa thupi: Mesiya

Monga momwe Nebukadinezara anali mutu wa fano, chotero Yesu ndiye “mutu wa thupi, mpingo.” ( Akolose 1,18:XNUMX ) Monga momwe Nebukadinezara anali mutu wa fanolo, Yesu anali “mutu wa thupi, mpingo.” M’chenicheni, timaŵerenga za Yesu kuti: “Chifukwa chake, polowa m’dziko, anati, nsembe ndi mtulo simunazifuna; koma mudandikonzera ine thupi.’ ( Ahebri 10,5:XNUMX )

Thupi la Mulungu la mutu umodzi likutsanzira ndi kusinthidwa m’maloto a Danieli. M’malo mwa anthu kapena gulu limene likutsogozedwa ndi ufulu wa mzimu monga thupi ndi mutu wake, mfumu yake, Mesiya Yesu Kristu, mdani wa Mulungu akufuna kulamulira dziko mokakamiza. Komabe, sikunali kokwanira kuti Nebukadinezara akhale amene choloŵa chake chauzimu chikalandira choloŵa ndi maufumu onse a padziko lapansi amene anatsatirapo. Iye ankafuna kuti mzera wa ufumu wake usakhale ndi mapeto. Koma Mulungu analonjeza Mfumu Davide mzera waufumu wosatha, umene wolamulira wake womaliza ndi wamuyaya adzakhala Mesiya Yesu.

Malemba a pa Danieli 2 amatilozeranso kwa Mesiya mogwirizana ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu ngati tiyang’ana pa Chiaramu choyambirira kapena kukhala ndi matembenuzidwe olondola, monga matembenuzidwe akupha, pafupi.

Koma kuona chitsulo chosakanizika ndi dongo chikutanthauza kuti ngakhale iwo ndi mbeu ya munthu sakanizani, koma sichidzamamatirana, monganso chitsulo sichisanganizika ndi dongo.” ( Danieli 2,43:XNUMX ) Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti mabanja achifumu a ku Ulaya ankafuna kugwirizana m’maukwati ndi mapangano ena?

Mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito apa zra anasha [seed of man] limapezeka m’malo ena okha m’Chipangano Chakale: »Ngati inu … mdzakazi wanu a mbewu zachimuna [zara anashim; mbewu ya amuna] perekani, ndidzampereka kwa Yehova masiku onse a moyo wake.” ( 1 Samueli 1,11:XNUMX )

Anna, amayi ake a mneneri ndi wansembe Samueli, akuwoneka kuti anali kuganiza pano za mesiya ndi wowombola wam’tsogolo. nyanga ya mfumu iyi, akupemphera, Mulungu akweze (1 Samueli 2,10:XNUMX).

M’chenicheni, liwu lakuti mbewu limagwiritsiridwanso ntchito mofananamo ponena za mwana m’Baibulo: ‘Ndipo Adamu anamdziŵanso mkazi wake; anabala mmodzi Sohn ndipo anamucha iye Seti, Pakuti Mulungu anandipatsa ine wina m’malo mwa Abele Pamodzi khazikitsani.’ ( Genesis 1:4,25 ) ‘Inenso ndikufuna Sohn mupange mdzakaziyo akhale anthu, popeza iye ndiye wanu yemweyo (Genesis 1:21,13)

Ndicho chifukwa chake lonjezo loyamba m’Baibulo ndi lonjezo la Mesiya: “Ndipo ndidzaika udani pakati pa iwe ndi mkaziyo, pakati pa iwe. Pamodzi ndi mbadwa zawo: iyo idzalalira mutu wako, ndipo iwe udzalalira chidendene chake.” ( Genesis 1:3,15 ) Iwo adzakuvulazani ndi kuvulaza chidendene chake.

Tsopano, pamene tikuŵerenga Danieli 7,13:24,30 , kuunikako potsirizira pake kunatulukira: “Iye anadza ndi mitambo ya kumwamba, monga Mwana wa munthu [bar enash].” “Ndipo pamenepo chizindikiro cha Mwana wa munthu chidzaonekera m’Mwamba; Kenako mabanja onse a padziko lapansi adzadziguguda pachifuwa, ndipo adzaona Mwana wa munthu akubwera pamitambo ya kumwamba ndi mphamvu ndi ulemerero waukulu.” ( Mateyu XNUMX:XNUMX ) Choncho, anthu amitundu yonse ya padziko lapansi adzaona Mwana wa munthu akubwera pamitambo yakumwamba.

Ulosi wonse wa Danieli umanena za Mesiya. Kodi akananyalanyazidwa bwanji m’masomphenya aakulu oyamba ndi ziboliboli?

Chifukwa chakuti Yesu amakhala mwa otsatira ake, osati iye yekha mbewu ya munthu, komanso otsatira ake, mpingo wake: “Wofesa mbewu yabwino ndiye mwana wa munthu. Munda ndi dziko lapansi; mbewu zabwino ndi ana a Ufumu.”— Mateyu 13,37:38-XNUMX;

Monga momwe Yesu amadzazitsira mpingo wake ndi mzimu wake, mzimu wachibabulo ukudzaza ufumu wa dziko wachinayi kufikira lero. Komabe, mosiyana ndi munthu wolengedwa, fanolo ndi lakufa, lopanda moyo, ndipo chotero lidzagwa.

Kusakanikirana kwa Roma ndi Chikhristu

Chotero, panthaŵi ina m’mbiri, Iron Rome inasanganiza ndi Mesiya ndi omloŵa m’malo mwake, ndi Chikristu. Ichi ndi chisakanizo chimene “sichidzamamatirana” ( Danieli 2,43:42 ). Chifukwa “pambali ina idzakhala yamphamvu”: yachitsulo, yankhanza, yankhanza (v. 40), kutanthauza “kuphwanya, kuphwanya ndi kuphwanya zonse” (v. XNUMX).

Koma mbali ina idzakhala “yosalimba pang’ono” (v. 42), ndiko kuti, yopanda chiwawa, yokonda kukhala wofera chikhulupiriro wolakwiridwa m’malo molakwa. Pakuti amene wagwa pa Yesu “adzaphwanyidwa.” ( Mateyu 21,44:XNUMX )

“Yehova ali pafupi ndi osweka mtima, ndipo athandiza osweka mtima.” ( Salmo 34,18:51,19 ) “Nsembe zokondweretsa Mulungu ndizo mzimu wosweka; mtima wosweka ndi wolapa.”​—Salmo XNUMX:XNUMX.

Kodi Roma anasanganizadi ndi Chikristu chopanda chiwawa, choyera? Mawuwa amaletsa. Akuti chitsulo ndi "ndi loamy wosanganiza ndi dongo” ( vesi 41 ), “ndi dongodziko lapansi(Ndime 43). Ichi ndi chisonyezero chakuti pano sitikuchita ndi kamvekedwe koyera, ndi Chikristu choyera, koma ndi kamvekedwe kodetsedwa, kamene kakuika pangozi kukhazikika kwa fanolo. Apa tirigu sanasakanizidwe ndi fodya, koma udzu, rye, womwe umafanana kwambiri ndi tirigu.

Mkazi pa nyama

M’masomphenya ena aulosi pafupifupi zaka 700 pambuyo pake, mpingo ukuimiridwa ndi mkazi wobala mwana wamwamuna ( Chivumbulutso 12,1:XNUMX ). 'Ndipo anabala mmodzi Sohn, wamphongo, amene adzaweta mitundu yonse ndi ndodo yachitsulo.” ( Chivumbulutso 12,5:XNUMX ) “Ndipo chinjokacho chinakwiyira mkaziyo, nichinapita kukachita nkhondo ndi otsala ake. Pamodziamene asunga malamulo a Mulungu, nakhala nao umboni wa Yesu Kristu.” ( Chivumbulutso 12,17:XNUMX )

Koma patapita nthawi mukuona kuti mkaziyo wasanduka hule atakhala pa chilombo (Chibvumbulutso 17,3:5-XNUMX).

Kotero apanso tikuwona chinthu chosalimba (mkazi/dongo) chikugwirizana ndi chinthu champhamvu (chinyama/chitsulo). Ndipo apanso, chinthu chosalimba si namwali wangwiro, koma hule lodetsedwa. Izi zikutsimikizira kutanthauzira kwathu kolondola kwa chitsulo ndi dongo m'mapazi ndi zala za fanolo.

Pamene Yesu abweranso, anakumana ndi ufumu wa Roma mmene muli kusakaniza kwapadera: chitsulo ndi dongo, nkhanza ndi chipembedzo, boma ndi mpingo wachikhristu, chiwawa ndi utumiki, boma ndi unsembe, imperialism ndi chikhulupiriro Baibulo, etc.

Posakhalitsa mpingo wa Yesu unagwera mu mpatuko waukulu. Omwe ankatchedwa kuti otsatira a Yesu, Akhristu, ankakhala mu uchimo. Tchalitchicho chinachita chigololo ndi olamulira a dziko lapansi mwa kupanga nawo mapangano ndi mapangano. Tchalitchicho chinagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za boma kupititsa patsogolo zofuna zake zachipembedzo ndi kuzunza ana enieni a Mulungu. Anagwiritsa ntchito chuma cha padziko lapansi kukopa ndi kuchititsa khungu anthu. Motero panabuka Chikristu cha mpikisano, usilikali, ulamuliro ndi dama.

chiwawa m’zipembedzo

Koma kuyambira masiku a Yohane M’batizi kufikira tsopano lino, Ufumu wa Kumwamba uli chiwawa, ndipo ochita chiwawa akuulanda.” ( Mateyu 11,12:6,15 ) Tsopano pamene Yesu anazindikira kuti anali kubwera kudzamuona kudzam’panga iye. Mfumu ndi mphamvu, anachokanso kupita kuphiri yekha.” ( Yohane XNUMX:XNUMX )

Ngakhale ophunzira ake ankayembekezera Mesiya amene adzalamulira mokakamiza. Msilikali mesiya wotengera mtundu wa Maccabees, mesiya wa lupanga wotengera Azeloti, mesiya wolamulira wankhanza wotengera maufumu adziko lonse a chifanizirocho.

Koma Yesu anafotokozera Pilato kuti: “Ufumu wanga suli wa dziko lino lapansi; Ufumu wanga ukadakhala wa dziko lino lapansi, atumiki anga akadamenya nkhondo, kuti ndingaperekedwe kwa Ayuda; koma tsopano ufumu wanga suli wochokera kuno.”—Yohane 18,36:XNUMX.

Yesu anafika kudzathetsa mtundu uwu wa boma kwanthaŵi zonse: “Mapeto [adzafika] pamene adzapereka ufumu kwa Mulungu Atate, akadzathetsa [mpangidwe] uliwonse wa ulamuliro, ndi chiwawa, ndi mphamvu. ( 1 Akorinto 15,24:XNUMX )

Ndiye ufulu "udzalamulira" kachiwiri, makamaka kutsutsana mwa mawu. Koma tiyenera kuziyika bwanji? Yesu adzakhala mfumu ndi wolamulira, ngakhale kuti sipadzakhalanso ulamuliro, koma atumiki okha: “Ngati wina afuna kukhala woyamba, akhale wakuthungo wa onse, ndi mtumiki wa onse!” ( Marko 9,35:10,45 ) “Pakutinso Mwana wa atate wa Mulungu adzauka kwa akufa.” sanabwere kudzatumikiridwa, koma kutumikira, ndi kupereka moyo wake dipo la anthu ambiri.” ( Marko XNUMX:XNUMX )

Chitsulo ndi dongo, boma ndi mpingo

Ellen White akutsimikizira kutanthauzira uku:

“Tafika panthaŵi imene ntchito yopatulika ya Mulungu ikuimiridwa ndi mapazi a chiboliboli, pamene chitsulo chinasakanizidwa ndi dongo. Mulungu ali ndi anthu, anthu osankhidwa, amene kuzindikira kwawo kuyenera kukhala koyera. Izo zisakhale zodetsedwa pakuyika nkhuni, udzu, ndi ziputu pa mazikowo... Kusakanikirana kwa luso kapena ntchito ya tchalitchi [zatchalitchi] ndi luso kapena ntchito ya boma [statecraft] imaimiridwa ndi chitsulo ndi dongo. Kulumikizana kumeneku kumafooketsa mphamvu za mipingo. Mfundo yakuti mpingo umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya boma imabweretsa magazi oipa.
Anthu atsala pang’ono kuwoloka malire a kuleza mtima kwa Mulungu. Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo pa ndale komanso amagwirizana ndi upapa. Koma idzafika nthawi imene Mulungu adzalanga anthu amene aphwanya lamulo lake. Ntchito yawo yoipa idzawagunda ngati boomerang (MS 63, 1899)« (Ndemanga za Baibulo 4, 1168.8)

Kodi tidakali Aroma?

Ena angatsutse kuti Ufumu wa Roma unatha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lachisanu AD. Kodi tinganene bwanji kuti lero tikukhalabe mu ufumu wachinayi wa dziko lonse, Ufumu wa Roma?

Zolemba zachilatini ndi zilankhulo zachilatini

Ufumu uliwonse unali ndi chinenero chake komanso zilembo zake. Aroma ankalankhula Chilatini ndipo ankalemba zilembo zachilatini. Mpaka pano, zilembozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba pafupifupi pafupifupi kontinenti iliyonse. Ndipo komwe kuli machitidwe ena olembera (m'madera a Arabia, Europe ndi Asia), chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri chimaperekedwanso m'malemba Achilatini, mwachitsanzo pa zizindikiro zamagalimoto m'mizinda ikuluikulu.

Kupyolera mu madera a mayiko a ku Ulaya, omwe anatengera cholowa cha Roma wakale, osati kulemba kokha komanso chinenero cha Chilatini chinafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Chifalansa, Chisipanishi, Chipwitikizi, Chitaliyana ndi Chiromania ndi zilankhulo za ana aakazi kapena zilankhulo zaku Latin (zomwe zimatchedwa zilankhulo za Chiromance). Chilatini chagonjetsanso chinenero cha Chingerezi m'mbiri yonse ndipo chimapanga mawu oposa theka la mawu ake. Onse aku America ndi Australia amalankhulabe chilankhulo cha Chilatini, kupatula ku Eastern Europe (Slavic) ndi North Africa (Arabic) makontinentiwa amalankhulanso chilankhulo cha Chilatini, ndipo ngakhale ku Asia zilankhulo izi zasiya mbiri yakale, pomwe Chingerezi chakhala chilankhulo cha Chilatini. chilankhulo cha franca chosatsutsika.

Chilatini chenicheni chikugwiritsidwabe ntchito monga chinenero cha Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika ndipo chimalankhulidwa m’maiko ake a Papa ku Vatican. Imagwiranso ntchito ngati gwero la mawu aukadaulo mu sayansi yonse.

Zomangamanga za Aroma ndi kupanga misewu

Aroma anatulukira simenti yomangira. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo palibe kuyimitsa kupambana kwa simenti ndi konkire. Monga momwe woumba amapangira dongo ndi madzi ndipo zimenezi zimafika pamapeto ake mwa kuumitsa, simentiyo imapangidwanso m’maonekedwe ake kenaka amaumitsa mwa kuyanika. Simenti imakhala ndi dongo, miyala yamchere, mchenga ndi phulusa. Konkire imakhala ndi simenti, miyala ndi mchenga.

Masiku ano, konkire imalimbikitsidwa ndi chitsulo, kotero kuti m'lingaliro lake imamangidwa ndi chisakanizo chachitsulo ndi dongo "loipitsidwa" ndi zinthu zina zadothi.

Aroma analinso oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi pomanga, omwe ndi mazenera. Galasi amapangidwanso kuchokera ku mchenga ndi phulusa. Konkire yolimba ndi magalasi ndizo zida zomangira zomwe zili padziko lapansi masiku ano.

Matani 200.000 azitsulo ndi konkire 325.000 za konkire anagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nsanja ziwiri za World Trade Center. Pamaso pake panali mawindo agalasi 43.600. Ndipo komabe chirichonse chinasanduka fumbi ndi bwinja pamene iwo anagwa ngati fano la Danieli 2. Izo zimakupangitsani inu kuganiza!

Luso lomanga misewu la Aroma lasinthanso dziko lapansi mpaka lero ndikuliphimba ndi misewu yopangidwa ndi simenti, yomangidwa ndi phula.

Lamulo la Chiroma ndi Imperialism ya Chiroma

Malamulo m’maiko ambiri padziko lapansi akadali ozikidwa pa malamulo achiroma.

Ufumu wa Kum’maŵa kwa Roma wa Byzantines, Ufumu Wachifulanki, Ufumu Wopatulika Wachiroma wa Afulanki A Kum’maŵa, maufumu a Spain, Portugal, France ndi England, ngakhale Ufumu Wachitatu Wachiroma wa Tsars, onse anadziwona okha mumwambo wa boma la Roma. Ngakhale dziko la United States likadali lokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro a Roma.

Chipembedzo chokhacho chomwe chimapanga mgwirizano ndi mayiko ena

Ndipotu Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika ndi chipembedzo chokhacho chimene chili ndi dziko lake, mfumu yakeyake, papa wake, ndalama zake zasiliva, akazembe ake komanso mpando wa bungwe la United Nations. Mwanjira imeneyi ingapange mayanjano ndi maboma andale zadziko amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuimira zofuna zake zachipembedzo mwa ndale. Tikukhalabe m’dera lachinayi. Tikukhala m'dziko la Romano-Latin. Chitsulo chakhala chikusakanikirana ndi dongo lamatope la Chikhristu cha ndale. Koma dongosololi silingathe.

“Munapenya kufikira mwala unasweka, wopanda manja a munthu, nugunda fanolo pamapazi ake, achitsulo ndi dongo, nuwaphwanya; Pamenepo chitsulo, dongo, mkuwa, siliva, ndi golidi zinaphwanyidwa pamodzi; ndipo zinakhala ngati mankhusu pa dwale la malimwe, ndipo mphepo inaziuluza, kotero kuti sanapezeke ngakhale pang’ono. Ndipo mwala umene unaphwanya fanolo unakhala phiri lalikulu, ndipo unadzaza dziko lonse lapansi. ndipo ufumu wake sudzasiyidwira mtundu wina wa anthu; udzaphwanya maufumu onsewo ndi kuwathetsa; koma udzakhalapo kosatha.”— Danieli 2,34.35.44:XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX;

Kuphwanya uku kudzachitika popanda chiwawa. Kufatsa kwa Mwanawankhosa kudzagonjetsa kuipa.