Nei Jesu akapemberera Hanukkah asi kwete Krisimasi? NaKai Mester
Pana December 24 nyika ye“chiKristu” inochengeta manheru ayo “Matsvene”. Inorangarira kuberekwa kwaJesu muBheterehema. Nhasi, hapana mutambo unopembererwa zvakanyanya nechiKristu seKisimusi. Kashoma "kune mari yakawanda mubhokisi" - sepanguva yeKisimusi.
Asi nei muTestamende Itsva musina chinhu pamusoro paJesu kana kuti vaapostora vaichengeta zuva rake rokuzvarwa? Nei Jesu nevaapostora vakapemberera mitambo yakasiyana-siyana?
Panguva imwe cheteyo, vaJudha vanochengetawo mutambo: Hanukkah, mutambo wokutsaurira temberi, unozivikanwawo seMutambo Wezviedza. (Mamwe zviperengo: Hanukkah, Hanukkah, Hanukah) Iri kushoma karenda kuti mutambo uyu unotanga chaizvo musi wa24 [2016]. Chikonzero chakakosha chekuti maKristu vatarise nezvemutambo wemaJuda uyu - nekuti unonyatso kutaurwa muTestamente Itsva (ona pazasi).
Kana ndikanyatsotarisisa Mutambo weChiedza wechiJudha, wakasiyana chaizvo neKisimusi. Pane, zvisinei, zvimwe zvakafanana. Kuenzanisa kwacho kunoita kuti ndifunge zvakawanda.
Musiyano mukuru pakati pemitambo miviri iyi mavambo avo:
Anenge munhu wose anoziva kuti Krisimasi harisi zuva chairo rokuzvarwa kwaJesu. Nokuti Bhaibheri haritauri nezvezuva chairo rakaberekwa Jesu. Tinongodzidza kuti: “Vafudzi vakanga vari kumafuro, vachichengeta makwai avo usiku.” ( Ruka 2,8:XNUMX ) Ikoko hakuratidziki sokupera kwaDecember, kwete kunyange muMiddle East.
Sei vaapositori vasina kutiudza zuva chairo rekuzvarwa kwaJesu muvhangeri dzavo? Ko ivo vamene vaisazviziva here? Chero zvazvingava, Ruka anonyora kuti Jesu akanga “anenge” makore 30 paakabhabhatidzwa ( Ruka 3,23:1 ). Eya, Bhaibheri rechiHebheru rinonyora zuva rimwe chete rokuberekwa: zuva rokuberekwa kwaFarao ( Genesi 40,20:2 ), apo mudiri akadzorerwa pabasa asi mubiki akaturikwa. Apokirifa inotaura nezvekuzvarwa kwaAntiochus IV Epiphanes, pamusoro payo tichava nezvakawanda zvekutaura munguva pfupi. Pazuva rake rokuberekwa akamanikidza vanhu veJerusarema kutora rutivi mumutambo wamwari wewaini Dionysus ( 6,7 Makabhii 14,6:XNUMX ). Zuva rokuzvarwa rinotaurwawo muTestamente Itsva, raMambo Herodhi, iro Johane Mubhabhatidzi akagurwa musoro naro (Mateo XNUMX:XNUMX). Madzimambo matatu echihedheni asina kana muenzaniso kwatiri. Nevarume vanokosha vaMwari vakadai saMosesi, Dhavhidhi kana kuti Jesu, zvisinei, hapana chatinodzidza pamusoro pamazuva avo okuberekwa kana kuti kuchengetwa kupi nokupi kwokuberekwa.
Saka nei chiKristu chichipemberera December 25 sekuzvarwa kwaJesu?
Zvinoenderana nekarenda yeRoma, Zvita 25 raive zuva renguva yechando uye raionekwa sezuva rekuzvarwa kwamwari wezuva »Sol Invictus«. Mazuva ndiwo mapfupi kubva Zvita 19 kusvika 23. Kubva pamakumi maviri nemana vanowana nguva refu zvakare. Ikoku kwakaratidzika sokuberekwazve kwezuva kuvanhu vakare nokunamata kwavo zuva.
Kubva kare, kupembererwa kweKisimusi "kwechiKristu" kunogona kuratidzwa kekutanga mugore ra336 AD, gore Mambo Constantine Mukuru asati afa. Mupfungwa dzake, mwari wechiKristu namwari wezuva Sol vaiva mwari mumwe chete. Ndicho chikonzero muna AD 321 akaita zuva rakajeka kuva zororo revhiki nevhiki uye zuva rekuzorora. Mambo Constantine anowanzozivikanwa nekubatanidza chiKristu nechitendero chezuva uye kuchiita chitendero chehurumende. Uye nhaka iyoyo ichiri kuonekwa munzira dzakawanda muchiKristu nhasi.
Zvakasiyana sei nhoroondo yeMutambo weChiedza weChiedza inoti:
Mutambo wechiJudha weHanukkah wakaziviswa naJudas Maccabeeus somutambo wemazuva masere wokutsaurira temberi uye mutambo wezviedza pashure pokunge temberi yaparadzwa pana December 14, 164 B.C. akasunungurwa pamaoko omudzvinyiriri Antiochus IV Epiphanes, akacheneswa pakunamata zvidhori ndokuzvitsaurirazve kuna Mwari.
Antiochus Epiphanes akavaka atari yaZeusi mutemberi yomuJerusarema, akarambidza tsika dzechiJudha uye akatangazve kunamata Bhaari achishandisa rimwe zita. Vanamwari veFenikiya Bhaari nababa vechiGiriki Zeusi vainamatwa savanamwari vezuva, sezvaiitwa Mithras wePezhiya neRoma. Antiochus akaita kuti nguruve dzipirwe paatari uye asasa ropa radzo munzvimbo tsvene-tsvene. Kuchengeta Sabata nemitambo yechiJudha kwairambidzwa, uye kudzingiswa nokuva neBhaibheri rechiHebheru zvairangwa norufu. Mipumburu yose yeBhaibheri yaiwanika yaipiswa. Nokudaro akanga ava mutangiri wevatambudzi vomuMiddle Ages. Hakusati kuri pasina kuti muJesuit Luis de Alcázar akazivisa runyanga kubva muuporofita hwaDhanieri naAntiochus munguva yeCounter-Reformation kuitira kuti ashandise chikoro chake chepreterism kuita kuti dudziro yechiPurotesitendi iyo yakaona mairi ishaye simba. Akawanda zvikuru amativi ouporofita akashanda zvamazvirokwazvo kwaari, asi kwete ose.
Saka Hanukkah yakavakirwa pachiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo yeIsraeri. Kusiyana neKirisimasi, mutambo uyu hauna kugadzirwa mazana emakore mushure mechiitiko chaunofanirwa kupemberera. Hausati uri mutambo wakagadzirirwa kupa mhemberero yechitendero yemireniyamu yekare kuva kwechimwe chitendero zvachose, uye kunyange kuiita mutambo wayo unokosha zvikuru. Hanukkah yakadzika midzi mukuziva kwechiJudha. Kana iwe ukasvika pasi pemutambo uyu, haufanirwe kusvetukira kumashure mukuvhunduka pane imwe nguva, nekuti mavambo awo aive chiratidzo cheimwe yeroorano isina kuchena munhoroondo: muchato wehurumende nechechi, wechitendero chezuva. uye Chikristu.
Asi sei Hanukkah isiri musi wa14 Zvita gore rega rega?
Gore rino Hanukkah inopembererwa kubva muna Zvita 25 kusvika Ndira 1. Maererano nekuverenga kwebhaibheri, zuva rekutanga remabiko rinotanga manheru pakuvira kwezuva. Zvisinei, karenda rechiJudha haribvumirani nekarenda yapapa yaGregory. Haisi zuva, asi kalendari yemwedzi, umo mwedzi inotanga nemwedzi mutsva. Kuti vapemberere mitambo mitatu yokukohwa yePaseka (Paseka, kukohwewa kwebhari), Shavuot (Pentekosta, kukohwewa kwegorosi) uye Sukkot (Matabhenakeri, kukohwewa kwamazambiringa) pamazuva akatarwa, mumwe mwedzi wokuwedzera waifanira kuwedzerwa makore maviri kana matatu oga oga. Somugumisiro, mutambo unoitika panguva yakasiyana gore negore. 13-20 Zvita 2017; 3rd - 10th Zvita 2018; 23rd-30th Zvita 2019; 11-18 Zvita 2020; Mbudzi 29 - Zvita 6, 2021 zvichingodaro. Zviri pachena kuti Hanukkah, kunyangwe iri pedyo nenguva yechando, haina kubva pakuzvarwa kwamwari wezuva.
Saka iwowo musiyano mukuru kuKisimusi.
Zvino ngatitarisei tsika.
MaJuda anga achipemberera mutambo uyu sei kwemakore anopfuura 2000? Talmud inotsanangura kuti apo Judas Maccabeus akatorazve temberi, chishamiso chikuru chakaitika: Kuti atungidze chigadziko chemwenje chine matavi manomwe, Menorah, mafuta omuorivhi akachena kupfuura ose aidiwa, akanga abvumirwa nomupristi mukuru. Zvisinei, bhodhoro rayo chete ndiro raigona kuwanikwa. Asi izvi zvaizokwana kwezuva rimwe chete. Nenzira inoshamisa, zvisinei, yakatora mazuva masere, nguva chaiyo yaitora kugadzira mafuta matsva ekosher.
Saka gore rino, manheru aDecember 24, kwasviba, vaJudha vachabatidza kenduru rokutanga rechigadziko cheHanukkah. Inofanira kupisa kweinenge hafu yeawa. Husiku hunotevera kenduru yechipiri inovhenekerwa, uye saka inoenda kusvikira zuva rechisere uye rekupedzisira. Makenduru anobatidzwa nekenduru rechipfumbamwe rinonzi shamash (mushandi). Naizvozvo chigadziko chemwenje ichi, chinonziwo Hanuki, hachina maoko manomwe seMenora, asi maoko mapfumbamwe.
Pano tine kufanana kwekutanga kuona: Semunguva yeAdvent kana paKisimusi, mwenje unobatidzwa. Vamwe vanofunga, ivo vanodaro, nezvenenji rokuva munhu (Jesu, chiedza chenyika), vamwe nezvenenji rechigadziko chemwenje chine matavi manomwe, chinofananidzira vose vari vaviri Mesia nomutendi mumwe nomumwe nenzanga yake.
MuchiKristu, zvisinei, marambi nemakenduru zvakangove zvakakurumbira mumasevhisi echechi pakupera kwezana ramakore rechina. Nemhaka yokuti maKristu apakuvamba airangarira kushandiswa kwavo kworudzidziso kuva kwechihedheni zvikuru. Mutambo weGermany Yule panguva yechando solstice, iyo yakapesvedzera mutambo weKisimusi weEurope, yaizivawo tsika dzakareruka.
Saka mitambo yakasiyana zvishoma seruva rekugadzira uye maruva echisikigo. Kubva kure ivo vaviri vanotaridzika zvakafanana. Asi paunoswedera pedyo, ruva rekugadzira rinowedzera kuipa. Hunhu hwake hwese hwakagadziridzwa zvine chinangwa kune zvaanofanirwa kuita. Asi pakati paro harina chokuita neruva uye shoko raro roumwari rorudo.
Asi nemaruva echisikigo uye mitambo yebhaibheri unogona kushandisa maikorosikopu uye kuramba uchishamisika nerunako. Nokudaro, chigadziko chemwenje cheHanukkah chakanyatsobatanidzwa neMenorah yeBhaibheri uye chakagara chichisimbisa chokwadi chakadzama cheBhaibheri chinoratidzirwa mumaropafadzo matatu anotaurwa sezvo makenduru anobatidzwa:
1. “Makakomborerwa imi, Ishe Mwari wedu, Mambo wenyika, makatitsvenesa nemirayiro yake, nokutirayira kuti tivetidze mwenje wokugadza.” Ndoupi muKristu nhasi achiri kuzvibvumira amene kutsveneswa nemirayiro yaMwari? Vashoma. Tinobatidza mwenje kwese kwatinoenda here? Uye kwete chiedza chete, asi chiedza chinoita kuti temberi yedu (isu sevana vaMwari nekereke yaMwari) ivhenekere muhutsvene hutsvene?
2. “Makaropafadzwa imi, Ishe Mwari wedu, Mambo wenyika, imi makaitira madzibaba edu zvishamiso pamazuva iwayo, nenguva ino.” Chikomborero ichi chinotiyeuchidza kuti hatimbofaniri kukanganwa kuti Mwari anotitapura sei somunhu mumwe nomumwe uyewo savanhu. yakatungamirira munguva yakapfuura. Nyaya yake nevanhu vake kubva pakusikwa kusvika kuMafashamo, kubuda, kutapwa kweBhabhironi, vanaMakabhii uye kuuya kwaMesiya kuburikidza nenhoroondo yeReformation neAdvent kusvika kuzuva redu ranhasi inoenderera mberi iyo, pasinei nekukwira nekudzika kose, haiparadzi inogona kuva. Asi Krisimisi inomirira avo “vakaverevedza” ( Judhasi 4 ), nokuda kwo“uyo agere mutembere yaMwari saMwari, uye anozviti ndiMwari.” ( 2 VaTesaronika 2,4:XNUMX ) Kudururwa kwamashoko. Mutambo unonyatso miririra maonero akasiyana zvachose uye uzivi wakazviputira nenguo yechiKristu. Mariri, Jesu anonamatwa muchikamu choupenyu hwake hwapasi apo akanga asingachanyanyi kukwanisa kupenya kana kuti kutsanangura hunhu hwaMwari ndokuita basa rake zvishoma kana achienzaniswa namakore matatu oushumiri hwake, shungu dzake uye ushumiri hwake pashure pokumuka kwake kusvikira kuvakafa. nhasi unofananidzira Nokuti pakutanga akanga asina kusiyana semucheche kupfuura vana vakawanda vevanhu: murombo, asina zvaanogona kuita, munhu akafanana newe neni.
3. “Makaropafadzwa imi, Jehovha Mwari wedu, Mambo wenyika, makatipa upenyu, akatitsigira, uye akatisvitsa panguva ino.” Mwari vane hurongwa kwatiri. Anoda kutishandisa sezviedza nhasi! Hanukkah inomutsa mubvunzo wetemberi. aripi nhasi Chishamiso chechiedza chiri kupi nhasi? MaJuda mazhinji haagone kupa mhinduro yechokwadi kune izvi. Asi kana uchiziva Jesu, Hanukkah inoita kuti ufunge.
Mitambo inofadza inopembererwa pakati pemhuri neshamwari paHanukkah manheru. Masikati unoita basa rako ramazuva ose. Manheru, zvisinei, kune zvinotapira mafuta zvingwa, donuts uye mapakeke embatatisi. Vanhu vanoimba nziyo dzeHanukkah dzakakosha uye vanosangana musinagogi kana pamhepo kuti vavheneke mwenje. Minamato inotaurwa, nyaya yeHanukkah inotaurwa, mitambo inotambwa. Munguva iyi, vanhu vanonyanya kupa uye vanoda kupa. Zvipo zvinochinjaniswa. Mapisarema 30, 67 ne91 anonyanya kufarirwa kudzokororwa paHanukkah.
Kufanana kuri pachena kuri pakati peKisimusi neHanukkah kunobva pakuti ose ari maviri mitambo. Mutambo wavo wechimiro chechiedza unonyanya kuoneka munzvimbo dzedu dzekuchamhembe mukati memwedzi ine rima yechando. Nehemia anotokurudzira zvinwiwa zvinotapira uye zvekudya zvine mafuta zvemazuva emabiko (Nehemia 8,10:XNUMX). Icho chokwadi chekuti haifanirwe kugochwa kana kugochwa, kunatswa kana kutapira chinobva chajeka kumunhu wese ane hanya nehutano uye anoita kuti vagadzirise.
Chero zvazvingava, zvinofanira kureva chimwe chinhu icho Jesu hapana paakatikumbira kuti tichengete zuva rake rokuzvarwa, paakatikumbira zvakajeka kuti tichengete mumwe mutambo: Kudya kwaShe Kwemanheru, kwatinofanira kuyeuka rufu rwake rwechibayiro...
Uye anonzwa sei nezveHanukkah?
Hurukuro yaakapa paHanukkah inopiwa muEvhangeri yaJohani: ‘Mutambo wokutsaurira temberi wakaitika muJerusarema; uye yakanga iri nguva yechando.« ( Johane 10,22:30 ) Uku kutaura kuri pakati pekutaura pamusoro poMufudzi Akanaka. Narwo akapedzisa dzidziso yaakanga achipa kubva paakasvika muJerusarema kuMutambo weMatumba mukupera kwa AD XNUMX. Nokudaro, mwedzi mishomanene bedzi pamberi porufu rwake, Jesu akatora rutivi mukuchengeta Mitambo yaMatumba neHanukkah.
Shoko raakazivisa panguva iyi yokugara muJerusarema rinofadza:
Pamutambo weMatumba: »Ich bin chiedza chenyika ndechangu zvinotevera, haangafambi murima, asi achava chiedza cha hupenyu ( Johane 8,12:XNUMX ) Nokuti kwakanga kunewo tsika yechiedza paMutambo waMatumba, apo panguva yechibayiro chamadekwana marambi marefu maviri aibatidzwa muchivanze kuti avhenekere Jerusarema rose nokudaro ndokurangarira shongwe yomoto yaiunza. Israeri akabuda muEgipita.
Mwedzi miviri chete gare gare kuHanukkah akati:Ich bin mufudzi akanaka… Makwai angu anonzwa inzwi rangu, uye ndinoaziva, naiwo migumisiro nditevere; uye ndinovapa nokusingaperi Leben.« ( Johani 10,11.27:28, 5,14-XNUMX ) Nehurukuro mbiri idzi, Jesu akazivisa chakavanzika cheMharidzo yepaGomo: “Imi muri chiedza chenyika.” ( Mateu XNUMX:XNUMX ) Nokuti zvino zvakatsanangurwa kuti sei zvinogona kuitika. Tinogona chete kuva chiedza chenyika kana tikaziva chiedza chaMwari chiri muna Jesu uye tikamutevera tichipinda munzvimbo tsvene yokudenga, kunyange kupinda munzvimbo tsvene yekudenga, tichinzwa inzwi rake uye nokugamuchira upenyu hwake.
Naikoku, Jesu akazivisa revo yakadzama yomutambo wezviedza nokutsaurira Hanukkah. Kunyange zvazvo wakavamba munhambo yapakati yaIsraeri apo inzwi rouprofita rakanga rakanyarara, mutambo uyu unochengeta ndangariro iri mhenyu kuti kunyange munguva ino yerima Mwari haana kusiya vanhu vake netembere, asi akaita chishamiso chokudzorera basa retembere kuti richengete nokuda kwokuuya kwokutanga. raMesia wake. Candelabra ine matavi manomwe yakatsva zvakare, tembere yakatsaurwa zvakare. Nokudaro, mutambo weHanukkah wakafanotaura kuuya kwaJesu sechiedza chechokwadi chenyika anodokusvika makore 200 gare gare, uye kucheneswa kwenzvimbo tsvene yapasi kwaaizoita pakuvamba napamhedziso youshumiri hwake hwapasi, uye kucheneswa kwenzvimbo tsvene yokudenga. izvozvo zvaizotangira kudzoka kwake.
Saizvozvo, Hanukkah inotova neshoko renguva yokupedzisira: Rukundo rwavaMakabhii paAntiochus rwakanga rwuri mufananidzo wokukunda kweChinjo paBvunzurudzo uye wedanidzo dzokutsaurira dzengirozi nhatu, idzo nokukurumidza pashure paikoko uye nanhasi dzichiri kudana vagari vose vemo. yepasi kusvika pakuva mudzidzi asingakanganisi.
Makenduru anobatidzwa paHanukkah. Izvi zvinowirirana nomurayiro weBhaibheri wokuti: “Ndichakuchengeta uye ndichakuita sungano yavanhu, chiedza chavaHedheni, kuti usvinudze meso amapofu, ubudise vakasungwa mutorongo uye vanobuda mutorongo. muri murima, mugere ... kuti muve ruponeso rwangu kusvikira kumigumo yenyika!” ( Isaya 42,6.7:49,6; 58,8:60,1 ) “Ipapo chiedza chenyu chichabuda samambakwedza.” ( Isaya XNUMX:XNUMX ) “Zvirokwazvo, chiedza chenyu chichabuda semambakwedza.” “Simuka, penya! Nokuti chiedza chako chichauya, nokubwinya kwaJehovha kuchabuda pamusoro pako.”— Isaya XNUMX:XNUMX;
Uku kuunza kwechiedza hakugone kungogumira kumakenduru. Vanhu vanoda chiedza murima kuti varege kugumburwa uye kurasika nzira yavo. Zvinonzwisa urombo zvikuru apo vanhu vanongobatidza mwenje bedzi asi vachirambira murima mukati!
Hanukkah inondikwezva! Wadii kuisa pfungwa dzedu kunze kwemutambo weHanukkah wakaregeredzwa? Hanukkah makenduru ari nyore kuodha online. Misoro yeBhaibheri yekurukurirano yemanheru iri nyore kuwana. Kuregererei kubatanidza mutambo uyu zvechigarire murudungwe rwedu rwegore? Rinotiudza zvakawanda nezvaMwari wedu naIshe wedu Jesu. Kunenge kwati mbikiti gore rino. Asi December anouya zvechokwadi.
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