Ihlabathi libe yidolophana. Imbali yesiprofeto ayisaqhubeki ngokuthe ngqo kuLwandle lweMeditera. NguKai Mester

Ixesha lokufunda: imizuzu emi-20

Umfanekiso okwiphupha likaNebhukadenetsare, ukumkani waseBhabheli, uqhelekile kuye wonke umntu oqalayo ukufunda isiprofeto, uqhelekile kangangokuba kunzima ukuwujonga kwakhona. Kuba abaninzi sele beyazi ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

Ukufunda kunye nolutsha olumbalwa kwavula amehlo am kwimibuzo emitsha ngokupheleleyo. Nantsi nje intetho yengqondo:
Ithini iBhayibhile ngohlobo lorhulumente wobukhosi obukhulu? Zingaphi izikumkani esiphila kuzo? Buqalisa nini ubukumkani bukaThixo? Kwabakho njani ukuqhekeka kobukhosi behlabathi bokugqibela? Sithetha ntoni isandi seenyawo zomfanekiso? Ithini intsingiselo yesandi eBhayibhileni? Ukudalwa kwezikumkani kunento yokwenza nendalo kaThixo? Uvela phi uMesiya ngegama kwiphupha likaNebhukadenetsare? Ngaba ngokwenene iRoma yaxubana nodongwe olusulungekileyo? Ngaba ugonyamelo nokholo ziyahambelana? Yintoni eyenziwa yicawa kwezopolitiko? Ngaba sisengamaRoma namhlanje?
Eli nqaku lizama ukunika iimpendulo. Ndiyavuya ukuba unomdla.

Lo mfanekiso uqulethwe yintoni?

Ngamanye amaxesha awukwazi ukubona ihlathi lemithi. Andizange ndizibuze: kwakutheni ukuze uNebhukadenetsare abone ubukhosi behlabathi bukwimo yomfanekiso oqingqiweyo?

Iphupha lakhe lichazwe kwisahluko sesibini sencwadi yeBhayibhile kaDaniyeli – ngesiAramiki. Umfanekiso ubizwa ngokuba ngu tselem kolu lwimi. NgesiHebhere kwakhona. Ngoko sinokuyihlolisisa yonke iTestamente Endala, eyabhalwa phantse ngesiHebhere kuphela, size sibone apho igama elithi tselem lisavela khona. Siyifumana ekudalweni komntu “ngokomfanekiselo” kaThixo ( Genesis ), imifanekiso yesinyithi ( Numeri 1:4 ), imifanekiso kaBhahali ( 33,52 Kumkani 2:11,18 ), imifanekiso engamasikizi ( Hezekile 7,20:16,17 ) , imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yabantu. ( Hezekile 5,26:XNUMX ) nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yezithixo ( Amosi XNUMX:XNUMX ).

Ekubeni lo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo utshatyalaliswa lilitye, elifuzisela ubukumkani bukaThixo, ubukhosi behlabathi obufanekiselwayo baye baba sisithixo somntu. Imbeko enikelwa kubo eneneni ivela kuThixo. Uzibeka endaweni kaThixo.

Kungeso sizathu le nto uNebhukadenetsare II, njengoko ebizwa njalo kwimbali namhlanje, naye wenza umfanekiso wokwenene wesithixo samaphupha. Kuba wayefuna ukuba ubukumkani bakhe bungawi. Umfanekiso wakhe oqingqiweyo kwithafa laseDura wawuyigolide yonke, kuphela intloko ephupheni eyayimela uBukhosi baseBhabhiloni (605-539 BC). Enyanisweni, obu bukumkani bathabatha kuphela iminyaka engama-66 [sic!].

Kuyabonakala ukuba, uhlobo loburhulumente bobu bukhosi, phezu kwabo nje bonke ubunewunewu, abupheli. Akazibonakalisi. Uchasene ngokupheleleyo nolawulo lobuthixo.

Zingaphi izikumkani esiphila kuzo?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku bendisoloko ndibona izikumkani ezihlanu ezichasene noThixo zimelwa zizinto ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo ezikumfanekiso omileyo. Kodwa ngoku, okwesihlandlo sokuqala, ndabona ukuba kukho ezine kuphela: izikumkani ezine ezifanekiselwa yigolide, isilivere, ubhedu nentsimbi, eziye zaboyisa abantu bakaThixo ukususela kwimihla kaDaniyeli. Enyanisweni, intsimbi ifikelela ekupheleni kwehlabathi. Isandi ezinyaweni singumxube wezinto eziphathekayo kwaye asimeli ummandla wayo.

“Wena (Nebhukadenetsare) uyintloko yegolide. Kodwa emva koko obunye ubukumkani anyuke kancinci kunani; kwaye ubukumkani besithathu obalandelayoubhedu buya kulawula ihlabathi. kwaye ubukumkani besine uya komelela njengesinyithi... Kodwa ukuba uzibonile iinyawo neenzwane, beziludongwe lombumbi ngenxalenye, zisisinyithi ngenxalenye, . ubukumkani (eli lesine) liya kwahlulwa.”— Daniyeli 2,38:41-XNUMX;

Ngoko ke sisaphila namhlanje kubukumkani behlabathi besine ukususela kwisiprofeto sikaDaniyeli.

I-Achaemenids yamaPersi kunye ne-Greek Hellenism

Ukumkani wasePersi u-Achaemenid uKoreshi II woyisa iBhabhiloni, kodwa waqhubeka elawula ubukumkani bakhe eSusa. Kamva, uKumkani uDareios I waseka isixeko esihlala abantu sasePersepolis. Yayibubukhosi besibini obo. Xa Persepolis 331 BC BC woyiswa nguAlexander Omkhulu, oku kwakuthetha ukuphela koBukhosi bamaPersi emva kweminyaka eyi-200 elungileyo.

Ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili amaGrike alawula kwaSirayeli ngobuGreki bawo. UBukhosi Behlabathi Lesithathu babuqalisile. Kodwa ngowe-164 B.C. Boyiswa eYerusalem ziiMaccabees zamaYuda. Ngomnyaka wama-30 BC Ubuhle bokugqibela bobukumkani behlabathi bamaGrike baphela emva kweminyaka engama-200 ngokufa kukaCleopatra, uFaro wokugqibela wePtolemies yamaGrike-yaseYiputa.

Kwangaxeshanye, iRoma, uBukhosi beSine, yathimba inxalenye enkulu yendawo eyayikade ingummandla wamaGrike, kuquka nowama-63 B.C. BC nguPompeius kwakhona eYerusalem. Sisaphila kobu bukhosi behlabathi besine nanamhlanje. Ngenxa yokuba kumfanekiso omileyo ubukumkani behlabathi besine buqhubeka bukho de kube ngumhla wokugqibela.

Kukho ngokuqinisekileyo uluvo lokuba ubukumkani bukaThixo sele bumiselwe nguYesu. Kodwa uYesu ngokwakhe wathi kamsinya nje ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe: ‘Thabathani le [ndebe] nabelane ngayo. Kuba ndithi kuni, Andisayi kuphinda ndisele esiqhameni somdiliya, bude bufike ubukumkani bukaThixo.” ( Luka 22,17.18:XNUMX, XNUMX ) Ubukumkani bukaThixo busondele ngokuza kukaYesu okokuqala yaye buqalisa ezintliziyweni zabo. yamakholwa. Njengegwele liyalibilisa ihlabathi; njengokhozo lwemostade ikhula ibe ngumthi omkhulu. Kodwa akuzange kube kude kube sekufikeni kwayo okwesibini apho yathi yoyisa izikumkani.

Ukungcoliswa zizinto ezinoveli

Bahlukana njani ubukumkani bokugqibela baseRoma?

“Kuya kuhlala kuwo amandla entsimbi, njengoko wabonayo isinyithi sixutywe nodongwe oludongwe.” ( Daniyeli 2,41:XNUMX ) Apha intsimbi yayingaxutywanga nodongwe, kodwa ngokuphambene. Intsimbi, eyafika kuqala ngokobalo-maxesha, ngoku ixutywe nodongwe. Umlingiswa we-Fourth Reich uyatshintsha. Ekuqaleni indawo yayiyintsimbi ecocekileyo, kodwa ke ilahlekelwa bubunyulu bayo. Ingacocekanga ngento entsha ngokupheleleyo neyothusayo kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo.

Nawuphi na umfundi wesiprofeto uya kuphawula ukuba ixabiso lesinyithi kwisithixo liye lehla, kodwa ukuqina kwanda. IBhabhiloni yacuthwa kuphela ngegolide, ubutyebi, ubugcisa, ubuhle, imfezeko, ubulumko, inzululwazi - kuba igolide imele zonke ezi zinto - ngezi zikumkani zilandelayo, ukuba sifuna ukukholelwa iinkcazo zephupha. Kodwa imbali ikwasinika umkhondo. Ngokomzekelo, impembelelo yenkcubeko yamaGrike yabakho ngaphezu kweRoma yamandulo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iGrisi yayisisinhanha esibalaseleyo.

IRoma yalawula ngentonga yentsimbi ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-2000. Ubungqwabalala bayo abubonakali nje kubude bolawulo lwayo, kodwa nakwinkohlakalo yasemkhosini eyaqinisa ngayo impumelelo yayo kwasekuqaleni.

Isixhobo esitsha esingcoliswe ngaso ummandla wesine ngoku siyasimangalisa, kuba awenziwanga ngomthi nalitye, apho izithixo zaziqhele ukwenziwa ngexabiso elihlayo:

Basela iwayini, babazukisa oothixo begolide, nabesilivere, nabobhedu, nabesinyithi, nobemithi, namatye.” ( Daniyeli 5,4.23:60,17:9,20 ) “Esikhundleni sobhedu ndiya kuzisa igolide, esikhundleni sentsimbi ndizise isilivere esikhundleni somthi ubhedu. nentsimbi esikhundleni samatye.« ( Isaya XNUMX:XNUMX ) “Igolide, nesilivere, nobhedu, nelitye, nezithixo zomthi.” ( ISityhilelo XNUMX:XNUMX

Kodwa endaweni yomthi, sibona into eethe-ethe ngakumbi: udongwe lombumbi. Makhe sihlolisise.

Udongwe oludongwe luthetha ntoni eBhayibhileni?

EBhayibhileni, ithoni imela abantu bakaThixo, uSirayeli.

Ndehla ke, ndaya endlwini yombumbi, nanko esenza ishishini ezintendeni. Wenza ke isitya sound eyenziwe, yatshabalala ezandleni zombumbi. Waphinda waqala wenza esinye isitya ngawo, njengoko ebona kufanelekile umbumbi. Kwafika ilizwi likaYehova kum, lisithi, Andinako na ukuxelisa lo mbumbi ukwenza kuni, ndlu kaSirayeli? utsho uYehova. Nceda bhekisa, njengodongwe esandleni sombumbi, ngoko usezandleni zam, Indlu kaSirayeli! (Funda uYeremiya 18,3:6-XNUMX.)

Ngokwahlukileyo kumkhandi wegolide okanye wesilivere, umbumbi ubumba udongwe ngezandla zakhe.

Kaloku ke, Yehova, ungubawo; singabo soundYehova, ungumbumbi wethu wena; sisonke umsebenzi wezandla zakho. Musa ukuba noburhalarhume, Yehova, ungabukhumbuli ngonaphakade ubugwenxa bakho. Nceda uqonde ukuba singabantu bakho sonke!”— Isaya 64,7:8-XNUMX;

Ithoni imele ibandla likaThixo lamaYuda kunye neeNtlanga:

“Akanamandla na umbumbi phezu koThixo? sound, esenza isitya esibe sesambeko, esinye sibe sesambeko? Ke, ukuba uThixo, ethanda ukubonakalalisa ingqumbo yakhe, nokuwabonakalalisa amandla akhe, wathwala enokuzeka kade umsindo okukhulu izitya zengqumbo, zilungiselwe intshabalalo, ukuze abubonakalalise nobutyebi bozuko lwakhe ngezitya zenceba, abezilungisele uzuko ngenxa engaphambili. ilungisiwe Uyenzile? Wasibiza njalo, kungekuphela nje kwabaphakathi Juden kwezinye iilwimi, kodwa kwakhona isuka kwi Abahedeni( Roma 9,21:24-XNUMX )

UThixo udala umntu ngodongwe:

“Khumbula ukuba wena ndim ebunjwe njengodongwe babe; ngoku ke ufuna ukundibuyisela eluthulini!” ( Yobhi 10,9:XNUMX ) Ewe, uYehova uThixo ubonisa ukuba uYehova uyathanda ukundiguqula.

Ngaba iphupha likaNebhukadenetsare lalithetha ukuba kukho umntu owayezama ukuxelisa umsebenzi kaThixo wokudala ekumiseleni izikumkani? Ngaba kukho nabani na owayezama ukuyila into eyayiza kuphazamisana nezicwangciso zikaThixo kuba ifana nabo ngandlel’ ithile? Ngaba isigaba sokugqibela sobukumkani besine ezinyaweni zomfanekiso sincopho sokuxelisa uThixo, kuba ngoku lo mbandela ukwayinto yobuthixo yendalo?

Intloko yomzimba: uMesiya

Kanye njengokuba uNebhukadenetsare wayeyintloko yesithixo, ngoko noYesu “uyintloko yomzimba, yebandla” ( Kolose 1,18:XNUMX ). Enyanisweni, sifunda oku ngoYesu: “Ngoko ke, xa wangena ehlabathini, wathi, Akuthandanga mbingelelo, nazizipho; ke undilungisele umzimba.’” ( Hebhere 10,5:XNUMX )

Inkqubo yomzimba kaThixo enentloko enye ixeliswa yaza yatshintshwa kwiphupha likaDaniyeli. Endaweni yabantu okanye ibutho labantu elikhokelwa kwinkululeko yomoya njengomzimba yintloko yalo, ukumkani walo, uMesiya uYesu Kristu, utshaba lukaThixo lufuna ukulawula ihlabathi ngesinyanzelo. Noko ke, kwakunganelanga ukuba uNebhukadenetsare abe ngulowo ilifa lokomoya laliza kuzuzwa ngabo bonke ubukhosi basemhlabeni obalandelayo. Wayefuna ukuba ubukhosi bakhe bungabi nasiphelo. Kodwa uThixo wathembisa uKumkani uDavide kuphela umnombo ongunaphakade, lowo umlawuli wawo wokugqibela nongunaphakade uya kuba nguMesiya uYesu.

Isicatshulwa esikuDaniyeli 2 sikwasalathisa kuMesiya ngokunxibelelene nethoni ukuba sijonga isiAramiki santlandlolo okanye sinenguqulelo echanekileyo, efana nenguqulelo yokuxhela, ekufuphi.

“Kodwa into yokuba ubone intsimbi ixutywe nodongwe ithetha ukuba nangona bona ngembewu yomntu ixube, kodwa ayiyi kunamathelana, njengoko intsimbi ingaxubeki nodongwe.” ( Daniyeli 2,43:XNUMX ) Ngaba ngokwenene oku kuthetha ukuba iintsapho zasebukhosini baseYurophu zazifuna ukumanyana ngemitshato nangezinye izivumelwano?

Igama elisetyenziswe apha zra anasha [imbewu yomntu] yenzeka kuphela kwenye indawo kwiTestamente eNdala: »Ukuba … umkhonzazana wakho a imbewu yendoda [zara anashim; imbewu yabantu] Ndiya kumnika uYehova yonke imihla yobomi bakhe.”— 1 Samuweli 1,11:XNUMX .

UAna, unina womprofeti nombingeleli uSamuweli, kubonakala ukuba apha wayecinga ngoMesiya nomkhululi wexesha elizayo. Olu phondo lokumkani, uyathandaza, wanga uThixo angamphakamisa (1 Samuweli 2,10:XNUMX).

Enyanisweni, igama elithi imbewu likwasetyenziswa ngokufanayo xa kubhekiselwa kunyana eBhayibhileni: ‘UAdam wabuya wamazi umkakhe; wazala omnye Ngu-Sohn Wathi igama lakhe nguSete, wathi, UThixo undinike omnye esikhundleni sika-Abheli Imbewu ibekwe.’ ( Genesis 1:4,25 ) ‘Nam ndiyafuna Ngu-Sohn menze umkhonzazana abe ngabantu, ngokuba engowakho Efanayo ukho.”—Genesis 1:21,13.

Yiyo loo nto idinga lokuqala eBhayibhileni lisisithembiso sikaMesiya: “Ndiya kubeka ubutshaba phakathi kwakho nomfazi, phakathi kwakho. Imbewu nembewu yabo ke yona: Yona iya kukutyumza intloko, wena uya kuyityumza isithende.” ( Genesis 1:3,15 ) Imbewu yaso iya kukutyumza intloko.

Ngoku, njengoko sifunda uDaniyeli 7,13:24,30 , ekugqibeleni ukukhanya kuthi gqabagqaba: “Omnye weza esemafini ezulu, enjengoNyana woMntu [bar enash].” “Kwaye kwandula ukubonakala umqondiso woNyana woMntu ezulwini; yaye ziya kwandula ke zonke iintsapho zomhlaba zizibethele izifuba zazo, yaye ziya kumbona uNyana woMntu esiza esemafini ezulu enamandla nobuqaqawuli obukhulu.” ( Mateyu XNUMX:XNUMX ) AmaKristu athanjisiweyo amele abonakalise ‘uNyana woMntu’ aze abone uNyana woMntu esiza esemafini.

Sonke isiprofeto sikaDaniyeli siphathelele uMesiya. Wayenokungahoywa njani kumbono wokuqala omkhulu onemifanekiso eqingqiweyo?

Ngenxa yokuba uYesu ehlala kubalandeli bakhe, akapheleli nje ekubeni yimbewu yomntu, kodwa ukwangabalandeli bakhe, ibandla lakhe: “Lowo uhlwayela imbewu entle ngunyana woMntu; intsimi ke lihlabathi; imbewu entle ngoonyana bobukumkani.”— Mateyu 13,37:38-XNUMX;

Kanye njengokuba uYesu ezalisa ibandla lakhe ngomoya wakhe, umoya waseBhabhiloni uzalisa ubukumkani behlabathi besine ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla. Noko ke, ngokungafaniyo nomntu odaliweyo, lo mfanekiso ufile, awunabo ubomi, ngoko ke uya kuwa.

Ukuhlangana kweRoma kunye nobuKristu

Ke, ngaxa lithile embalini, i-Iron Rome yaxubana noMesiya namalandela akhe, kunye nobuKristu. Lo ngumxube ongayi “kunamathelana” ( Daniyeli 2,43:42 ). Ngenxa yokuba iya “komelela ngokuyinxenye”: intsimbi, inkohlakalo, inkohlakalo (indi. 40), oko kukuthi, “ukutyumza, ukutyumza nokutyumza yonke into” (indima XNUMX).

Kodwa kwelinye icala iya kuba “ethe-ethe ngokuyinxenye” (indi. 42), oko kukuthi, ingabi nagonyamelo, ikhethe ukuba ngumfeli-nkolo owoniweyo kunobubi. Kuba nabani na othe wawela kuYesu “uya kutyunyuzwa” ( Mateyu 21,44:XNUMX ).

“UYehova usondele kwabaphuke intliziyo, kwaye uyabanceda abantliziyo zaphukileyo.” ( INdumiso 34,18:51,19 ) “Imibingelelo ekholisa uThixo ngumoya owaphukileyo; intliziyo eyaphukileyo netyumkileyo.”—INdumiso XNUMX:XNUMX.

Ngaba ngokwenene iRoma yaxubana nobu buKristu bungenalo ugonyamelo, nobunyulu? Isicatshulwa senza isithintelo. Uthi intsimbi "nge luhlaza luxutywe nodongwe” ( indinyana 41 ), “nodongweer’ (Ivesi 43). Oku kubonisa ukuba apha asisebenzi ngethoni esulungekileyo, kunye nobuKristu obusulungekileyo, kodwa ngethoni engcolileyo, ebeka engozini ngakumbi ukuzinza komfanekiso oqingqiweyo. Apha ingqolowa ayizange ixutywe necuba, kodwa ukhula, i-rye, efana kakhulu nengqolowa.

Umfazi kwisilwanyana

Komnye umbono wesiprofeto phantse kwiminyaka engama-700 kamva, ibandla lifanekiswa njengomfazi ozala unyana (Izityhilelo 12,1:XNUMX). 'Yaye wazala enye Ngu-Sohnindoda, eya kuzalusa zonke iintlanga ngentonga yentsimbi.” ( ISityhilelo 12,5:XNUMX ) “Yamqumbela umfazi inamba, yemka yaya kulwa nabaseleyo bakhe. Imbewuabo bayigcinayo imithetho kaThixo, abanobungqina bukaYesu Kristu.” ( ISityhilelo 12,17:XNUMX )

Kodwa kamva uyabona ukuba lo mfazi ujike waba lihenyukazi, ehleli phezu kwerhamncwa (Izityhilelo 17,3:5-XNUMX).

Ngoko ke nalapha sibona into eethe-ethe (umfazi/udongwe) idityaniswa nento eyomeleleyo (isilwanyana/intsimbi). Kwaye apha, kwakhona, into ebuthathaka ayiyontombi enyulu, kodwa ihenyukazi elingcolileyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukutolika kwethu ngokuchanileyo kwentsimbi nodongwe ezinyaweni nasezinzwaneni zesithixo.

Xa uYesu ebuya, udibana nobukumkani baseRoma apho kukho umxube okhethekileyo: intsimbi nodongwe, inkohlakalo kunye nenkolo, urhulumente kunye necawa yobuKristu, ubundlobongela ngenkonzo, urhulumente kunye nobubingeleli, i-imperialism enokholo lwebhayibhile, njl.

Kungekudala ibandla likaYesu lawela kukreqo olunzulu. Abo babezibiza ngokuba ngabalandeli bakaYesu, amaKristu, babephila esonweni. Icawa yahenyuza noorhulumente bomhlaba ngokwenza izivumelwano neminqophiso kunye nabo. Icawa yasebenzisa igunya likarhulumente ukuhambisela phambili izilangazelelo zayo zonqulo nokutshutshisa abantwana bokwenyaniso bakaThixo. Wasebenzisa ubutyebi behlabathi ukuze athimbe nokubamfamekisa abantu. Ngaloo ndlela kwavela ubuKristu bokhuphiswano, umkhosi, igunya kunye nohenyuzo.

ugonyamelo elunqulweni

“Kususela ke kwimihla kaYohane umbhaptizi kude kube ngoku, ubukumkani bamazulu buyagonyamelwa, nabo baphathwa ngogonyamelo bayabuthabatha.” ( Mateyu 11,12:6,15 ) Ke kaloku, esazi uYesu ukuba babeza kumbona ukuze bamenze anyathele. ukumkani ngamandla, wabuya wemka, waya entabeni yena yedwa. ”(UYohane XNUMX:XNUMX)

Kwanabafundi bakhe babelindele uMesiya owayeza kulawula ngesinyanzelo. Ijoni elingumesiya elalixelisa iiMaccabees, umesiya wekrele owaxelisa amaZealot, umesiya onguzwilakhe ongumzekelo wobukhosi behlabathi balo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo.

Kodwa uYesu wamcacisela oku uPilato: “Ubukumkani bam asibubo obeli hlabathi; ukuba bebububo obeli hlabathi ubukumkani bam, abakhonzi bam bebeya kulwa, ukuze ndinganikelwa esandleni samaYuda; ngoku ke ubukumkani bam abusuki apha.”—Yohane 18,36:XNUMX.

UYesu weza ukuze aluphelise ngokupheleleyo olu hlobo lorhulumente: “Isiphelo [siyakufika], xa athe wabunikela ubukumkani kuye uThixo uYise, xa athe wabubhangisa bonke [uhlobo] lobulawuli, nogonyamelo, namandla. ( 1 Korinte 15,24:XNUMX )

Emva koko inkululeko iya "kulawula" kwakhona, eneneni ukuphikisana ngokwemigaqo. Kodwa sifanele sikubeke njani? UYesu uya kuba ngukumkani nomlawuli, nangona kungasayi kuphinda kubekho ulawulo, kuphela ngabakhonzi: “Ukuba nabani na ufuna ukuba ngowokuqala, makabe ngowokugqibela kwabo bonke, nomkhonzi wabo bonke!” ( Marko 9,35:10,45 ) “Kuba kwanoNyana kaMoya oyiNgcwele, makabe ngowokugqibela kubo bonke, abe ngumkhonzi wabo bonke; engezanga kulungiselelwa; weza kulungiselela, nokuncama ubomi bakhe, bube yintlawulelo yokukhulula abaninzi.”— Marko XNUMX:XNUMX .

Intsimbi nodongwe, urhulumente kunye necawa

U-Ellen White uqinisekisa le ngcaciso:

“Sifikelele kwixesha laxa umsebenzi ongcwele kaThixo umelwa ziinyawo zomfanekiso, apho intsimbi yayixutywe nodongwe. UThixo unabantu, abantu abanyuliweyo, abakuqondayo kumele kube ngcwele. Mayingabi ngcwele ngokubeka iinkuni, ifula, neendiza phezu kwesiseko... Ukuxutywa kobugcisa okanye umsebenzi wecawa [ubugcisa becawe] nobugcisa okanye umsebenzi woburhulumente [ubuqhetseba] bumelwa yintsimbi nodongwe. Olu nxulumano lwenza buthathaka amandla eecawe. Isibakala sokuba icawa isebenzisa amandla karhulumente izisa igazi elibi.
Abantu baphantse bawuwela umlinganiselo wonyamezelo lukaThixo. Bachitha amandla abo kwezopolitiko kwaye bazimanya noopopu. Kodwa kuya kufika ixesha lokuba uThixo abohlwaye abo baphule umthetho wakhe. Umsebenzi wabo ongendawo uya kubabetha njenge-boomerang (MS 63, 1899)« (Amagqabantshintshi eBhayibhile 4, 1168.8)

Ngaba sisengamaRoma?

Abanye basenokuphikisa ngelithi uBukhosi baseRoma bafikelela esiphelweni kwangenkulungwane yesihlanu AD. Kunokutshiwo njani ukuba namhlanje sisaphila kubukhosi behlabathi besine, uBukhosi baseRoma?

Umbhalo wesiLatini kunye neelwimi zesiLatini

Ubukhosi ngabunye babunolwimi lwabo nendlela yabo yokubhala. AmaRoma ayethetha isiLatini yaye ebhala ngoonobumba besiLatini. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, le alfabhethi isetyenziselwa ukubhala phantse kuwo onke amazwekazi. Kwaye apho kukho ezinye iinkqubo zokubhala (kwiindawo zaseArabia, eYurophu naseAsia), olona lwazi lubalulekileyo lukwanikwe nakwiskripthi sesiLatini, umzekelo kwiimpawu zendlela kwiidolophu ezinkulu.

Ngokusebenzisa amathanga ezizwe zaseYurophu, ezafumana ilifa leRoma yamandulo, kungekuphela nje ukubhala kodwa nolwimi lwesiLatini lwasasazeka kwihlabathi jikelele. IsiFrentshi, iSpanish, isiPhuthukezi, isiTaliyane kunye nesiRomania ziilwimi zeentombi okanye iilwimi eziphuhlisiwe zesiLatini (ekuthiwa ziilwimi zesiRomance). IsiLatini sikwaloyisile ulwimi lwesiNgesi kuyo yonke imbali kwaye senza ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sesigama saso. Yonke iMelika kunye neOstreliya isathetha ulwimi lwesiLatini, ngaphandle kwaseMpuma Yurophu (iSlavic) kunye noMntla Afrika (isiArabhu) la mazwekazi athetha ulwimi lwesiLatini, kwaye naseAsia ezi lwimi ziye zashiya umkhondo wembali, ngelixa isiNgesi siye saba sisiLatini. ulwimi olungenakuphikiswa.

IsiLatini ngokwaso sisaqhubeka sisetyenziswa njengolwimi lweCawa yamaRoma Katolika yaye sithethwa kumazwe aso oopopu eVatican. Ikwasebenza njengomthombo wamagama obugcisa kuzo zonke iinzululwazi.

Ukwakhiwa kweRoma kunye nokwakhiwa kweendlela

AmaRoma enza isamente njengesixhobo sokwakha. Ukusukela ngoko akukhange kumiswe uloyiso lwesamente kunye nekhonkrithi. Kanye njengokuba umbumbi elusebenza udongwe ngamanzi yaye oku kufikelela kwimveliso yalo ngokomiswa, ubunzima besamente nabo bulungiswa bube bumile buze bomelele ngokomiswa. Isamente inodongwe, ikalika, isanti kunye nothuthu. Ikhonkrithi inesamente, igrabile nesanti.

Namhlanje, ikhonkrithi iqiniswa ngetsimbi, ukwenzela ukuba ngokwenene yakhiwe ngomxube wentsimbi kunye nodongwe "olungcolisekileyo" kunye nezinye izinto zobumba.

Kwakhona amaRoma ayengabokuqala ukusebenzisa iiglasi xa kusakha, oko kukuthi, iifestile. Iglasi nayo yenziwe ngesanti kunye nothuthu. Ikhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo kunye neglasi zezona zixhobo zokwakha zibalaseleyo kwihlabathi lethu namhlanje.

Kwasetyenziswa iitoni ezingama-200.000 325.000 zentsimbi neekyubhikimitha ezingama-43.600 2 zekonkile ukuze kwakhiwe amawele eWorld Trade Center. Iifacades bezineefestile zeglasi ezingama-XNUMX. Ukanti yonke into yajika yaluthuli nengqushu njengoko yadilika njengesithixo sikaDaniyeli XNUMX. Loo nto ikwenza ucinge!

Ubugcisa bokwakhiwa kweendlela zamaRoma buye batshintsha ihlabathi ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje kwaye baligqume ngothungelwano lweendlela ezigangathiweyo, ezenziwe ngesamente kwaye ekugqibeleni zine-asphalt.

Umthetho wamaRoma kunye ne-imperialism yamaRoma

Inkqubo yomthetho kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathi isasekelwe kumthetho waseRoma.

I-Eastern Roman Empire of the Byzantines, i-Frankish Empire, i-Holy Roman Empire ye-East Franks, i-empire yase-Spain, i-Portugal, i-France ne-England, kunye ne-Third Empire yamaRoma ye-Tsars, zonke zazizibona kwisithethe soburhulumente baseRoma. Nkqu ne-USA isangene ngamandla kwiimbono zama impiriyali aseRoma.

Inkolo kuphela eyenza umanyano namanye amazwe

Enyanisweni, iCawa yamaRoma Katolika kuphela konqulo olunorhulumente wayo, umlawuli wayo, upopu wayo, iingqekembe zayo, izindlu zoonozakuzaku bayo nesihlalo sayo kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Ngale ndlela inokwakha ubuhlobo noorhulumente bobupolitika bezizwe ngezizwe ize imele izilangazelelo zayo zonqulo ngokwezobupolitika. Sisahlala kummandla wesine. Siphila kwihlabathi lamaRomano-Latin. Intsimbi kudala ixubana nodongwe oludaka lobuKristu bezopolitiko. Kodwa le nkqubo ayinakuhlala.

“Nanibona, lada laphuka ilitye, kungengazandla zamntu, labetha emfanekisweni lowo ezinyaweni zawo, ezizezentsimbi nodongwe, lazityumza. Kulapho intsimbi, udongwe, ubhedu, isiliva, negolide, zaxutywa kunye. zaba njengomququ esandeni sasehlotyeni, wavuthuza umoya, akwabakho mkhondo wazo. Lathi ilitye elawuqhekezayo umfanekiso, laba yintaba enkulu, lazalisa umhlaba uphela... Ke ngemihla yabo kumkani, uThixo wezulu uya kumisa ubukumkani obungayi konakala naphakade; nobukumkani bakhe abuyi kushiyelwa kwabanye abantu; buya kuzityumza zonke ezo zikumkani, buziphelise; kodwa yona iya kuma ngonaphakade.”— ​​Daniyeli 2,34.35.44:XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX;

Oku kutyunyuzwa kuya kwenziwa ngaphandle kogonyamelo. Ubulali beMvana buya kuboyisa ubungendawo.