N’chifukwa chiyani Yesu ankakondwerera Hanukkah koma osati Khirisimasi? Ndi Kai Mester
Pa December 24 dziko la “Chikristu” limakondwerera madzulo ake “Woyera”. Ndi chikumbutso cha kubadwa kwa Yesu ku Betelehemu. Masiku ano, palibe chikondwerero chimene Akhristu amakondwerera kwambiri monga Khirisimasi. Nthawi zambiri "pali ndalama zambiri m'bokosi" - monga nthawi ya Khrisimasi.
Koma n’chifukwa chiyani m’Chipangano Chatsopano mulibe chilichonse chonena za Yesu kapena atumwi amene ankakondwerera kubadwa kwake? N’cifukwa ciani Yesu ndi atumwi anali kucita zikondwelelo zosiyana-siyana?
Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Ayuda amachitanso chikondwerero: Hanukkah, chikondwerero cha kupatulira kachisi, chomwe chimatchedwanso Phwando la Kuunika. (Malembedwe ena: Hanukkah, Hanukkah, Hanukah) Ndizosowa pakalendala kuti chikondwererochi chiyambe ndendende pa 24 [2016]. Chifukwa chapadera choti Akhristu aziganizira za chikondwerero cha Ayuda ichi - chifukwa chatchulidwa m'Chipangano Chatsopano (onani m'munsimu).
Ngati ndiyang'anitsitsa Phwando la Chiyuda la Kuwala, ndilosiyana kwambiri ndi Khirisimasi. Komabe, pali zofanana. Kuyerekezerako kumandipangitsa kuganiza kwambiri.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zikondwerero ziwirizi ndi chiyambi chawo:
Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa kuti Khirisimasi si tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwa Yesu. Chifukwa chakuti Baibulo silinena za tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwa Yesu. Timangophunzira kuti: “Panali abusa kuthengo akuyang’anira nkhosa zawo usiku.” ( Luka 2,8:XNUMX ) Zimenezi sizikumveka ngati kutha kwa December, ngakhale ku Middle East.
N’chifukwa chiyani atumwi sanatiuze tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwa Yesu m’mabuku awo a Uthenga Wabwino? Kodi iwowo sanali kuzidziwa izo? Mulimonse mmene zinalili, Luka analemba kuti Yesu anali “pafupifupi” zaka 30 pamene anabatizidwa ( Luka 3,23:1 ). Eya, Baibulo Lachihebri limatchula tsiku limodzi lokha lobadwa: tsiku la kubadwa kwa Farao ( Genesis 40,20:2 ), pamene woperekera chikho anabwezeretsedwa pa ntchito yake koma wophika mkate anapachikidwa. Apocrypha imatchula za tsiku lobadwa la Antiochus IV Epiphanes, lomwe tikhala ndi zambiri zoti tinene mu kamphindi. Pa tsiku la kubadwa kwake anakakamiza anthu a ku Yerusalemu kuchita nawo chikondwerero cha mulungu wa vinyo Dionisi ( 6,7 Maccabees 14,6:XNUMX ). Tsiku lobadwa limatchulidwanso m’Chipangano Chatsopano, la Mfumu Herode, pamene Yohane M’batizi anadulidwa mutu ( Mateyu XNUMX:XNUMX ). Mafumu atatu achikunja opanda chitsanzo kwa ife. Komabe, ndi amuna ofunika a Mulungu monga Mose, Davide kapena Yesu, sitiphunzirapo kanthu ponena za masiku awo akubadwa kapena mapwando alionse akubadwa.
Nangano n’chifukwa chiyani Chikristu chimakondwerera December 25 monga kubadwa kwa Yesu?
Malinga ndi kalendala ya Chiroma, Disembala 25 linali tsiku lanyengo yozizira ndipo linkaonedwa kuti ndi tsiku lobadwa la mulungu wa dzuwa »Sol Invictus«. Masikuwo ndi aafupi kwambiri kuyambira pa Disembala 19 mpaka 23. Kuyambira 24 amapezanso nthawi yayitali. Izi zinkawoneka ngati kubadwanso kwa dzuwa kwa anthu akale ndi chipembedzo chawo cha dzuwa.
M’mbiri yakale, chikondwerero cha Khrisimasi “Chachikristu” tsopano chikhoza kutsimikiziridwa kwa nthaŵi yoyamba m’chaka cha 336 AD, chaka chimodzi Mfumu Constantine Wamkulu asanamwalire. M’maganizo mwake, mulungu Wachikristu ndi mulungu wadzuŵa Sol anali mulungu mmodzi. Ndicho chifukwa chake mu AD 321 adapanga tsiku ladzuwa kukhala tchuthi cha sabata ndi tsiku lopuma. Mfumu Constantine amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa chophatikiza Chikhristu ndi chipembedzo cha dzuwa ndi kuchipanga kukhala chipembedzo chaboma. Ndipo cholowa chimenecho chikuwonekerabe m’njira zambiri mu Chikristu lerolino.
Kodi mbiri ya Phwando la Kuwala kwa Chiyuda imawerengedwa mosiyana bwanji:
Chikondwerero cha Ayuda cha Hanukkah chinalengezedwa ndi Yudas Maccabeeus kukhala chikondwerero cha masiku asanu ndi atatu cha kupatulira kachisi ndi chikondwerero cha nyali kachisi atawonongedwa pa December 14, 164 B.C. anamasulidwa m’manja mwa wankhanza Antiochus IV Epiphanes, atayeretsedwa ku kulambira mafano ndi kudziperekanso kwa Mulungu.
Antiochus Epiphanes anamanga guwa la nsembe la Zeu m’kachisi wa ku Yerusalemu, ndipo analetsa miyambo ndi miyambo ya Ayuda, ndipo kwenikweni anayambitsanso kulambira Baala ndi dzina lina. Milungu ya Afoinike, Baala, ndi atate wa milungu ya Agiriki Zeu, ankalambiridwa monga milungu yadzuŵa, monga momwe Mithra wa Perisiya ndi Wachiroma ankalambira. Antiochus anapereka nsembe ya nkhumba pa guwa la nsembe ndi kuwaza mwazi wake m’malo opatulika a kachisi. Kusunga Sabata ndi mapwando Achiyuda kunali koletsedwa, ndipo mdulidwe ndi kukhala ndi Baibulo Lachihebri zinali chilango cha imfa. Mipukutu ya Baibulo iliyonse imene anthu ankapeza ankaiwotcha. Chotero iye anakhala kalambula bwalo wa ozunza a m’zaka zapakati pazaka zapakati. Sizopanda pake kuti Mjesuiti Luis de Alcázar anazindikiritsa nyanga kuchokera mu ulosi wa Danieli ndi Antiochus pa nthawi ya Counter-Reformation kuti agwiritse ntchito sukulu yake ya preterism kulepheretsa kutanthauzira kwa Chiprotestanti komwe apapa adawona momwemo. Mbali zambiri za ulosiwo zinagwiradi ntchito kwa iye, koma osati zonsezo.
Chotero Hanukkah yazikidwa pa chochitika chofunika m’mbiri ya Israyeli. Mosiyana ndi Khirisimasi, chikondwererochi sichinayambike patadutsa zaka mazana ambiri kuchokera pamene chimayenera kukondwerera. Sichikondwerero chokonzedwa kuti chipatse chikondwerero chachipembedzo cha zaka chikwi chimodzi cha chipembedzo china, ndipo ngakhale kuchipanga kukhala chikondwerero chake chofunika koposa. Hanukkah idakhazikika kwambiri m'malingaliro achiyuda. Ngati mufika pansi pa chikondwererochi, simuyenera kulumpha m’mbuyo modzidzimutsa panthaŵi ina, chifukwa chiyambi chake chinali chizindikiro cha umodzi mwa maukwati odetsedwa kwambiri m’mbiri: ukwati wa boma ndi mpingo, wa chipembedzo chadzuŵa. ndi Chikhristu.
Koma bwanji Hanukkah sakhala pa Disembala 14 chaka chilichonse?
Chaka chino Hanukkah ikukondwerera kuyambira Disembala 25 mpaka Januware 1. Malinga ndi kuŵerengera kwa Baibulo, tsiku la phwando loyamba limayamba madzulo pamene dzuŵa likuloŵa. Komabe, kalendala Yachiyuda sigwirizana ndi kalendala ya Papa Gregory. Si dzuŵa, koma kalendala ya mwezi, imene miyezi imayamba ndi mwezi watsopano. Kuti muthe kukondwerera mapwando atatu okolola a Pasaka (Paskha, kukolola balere), Shavuot (Pentekoste, kukolola tirigu) ndi Sukkot (Mahema, kukolola mphesa) pamasiku oikidwiratu, mwezi wina wowonjezera unkafunika kuwonjezeredwa iŵiri kapena itatu iliyonse. zaka. Chotsatira chake, chikondwererochi chimachitika pa nthawi yosiyana chaka chilichonse. 13-20 December 2017; 3-10 December 2018; 23-30 Disembala 2019; 11-18 Disembala 2020; Novembala 29 - Disembala 6, 2021 etc. Zikuwonekeratu kuti Hanukkah sinakhazikitsidwe pa tsiku lobadwa la mulungu wadzuwa, ngakhale ili pafupi ndi nyengo yachisanu.
Chotero chimenechonso ndicho kusiyana kwakukulu kwa Khirisimasi.
Tsopano tiyeni tione miyambo.
Kodi kwenikweni Ayuda akhala akuchita chikondwererochi kwa zaka zoposa 2000? Buku la Talmud limafotokoza kuti pamene Yudas Maccabeus analandanso kachisi, chozizwitsa chachikulu chinachitika: Pofuna kuyatsa choikapo nyali chokhala ndi nthambi zisanu ndi ziwiri, Menorah, pankafunika mafuta a azitona abwino kwambiri, amene mkulu wa ansembe anavomereza. Komabe, botolo limodzi lokha la izo likanapezeka. Koma izi zikanakhala zokwanira kwa tsiku limodzi lokha. Mozizwitsa, komabe, idatenga masiku asanu ndi atatu, ndendende nthawi yomwe idatenga kuti apange mafuta atsopano a kosher.
Chotero chaka chino, madzulo a December 24, kukada, Ayuda adzayatsa kandulo yoyamba ya choyikapo nyali cha Hanukkah. Iyenera kuyaka kwa theka la ola. Usiku wotsatira kandulo yachiwiri imayatsidwa, ndipo imapitirira mpaka tsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu ndi lomaliza. Makandulo amayatsidwa ndi kandulo yachisanu ndi chinayi yotchedwa shamash (wantchito). Chifukwa chake choyikapo nyalichi, chotchedwanso Hanukiya, chilibe mikono isanu ndi iwiri ngati Menora, koma mikono isanu ndi inayi.
Pano tili ndi zofanana poyang'ana koyamba: Monga mu nyengo ya Advent kapena pa Khrisimasi, magetsi amayatsidwa. Ena amaganiza, iwo amati, za chozizwitsa cha kubadwa kwa munthu (Yesu, kuunika kwa dziko), ena amaganiza za chozizwitsa cha choyikapo nyali cha nthambi zisanu ndi ziwiri, chomwe chikuimira ponse paŵiri Mesiya ndi wokhulupirira aliyense ndi dera lake.
Komabe, mu Chikhristu, nyali ndi makandulo zidakhala zodziwika bwino m'matchalitchi kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 4. Chifukwa chakuti Akristu oyambirira ankaona kuti kulambira kwawo kunali kwachikunja kwambiri. Chikondwerero cha Germanic Yule pa nthawi yachisanu, chomwe chinakhudza chikondwerero cha Khirisimasi ku Ulaya, chinadziwanso miyambo yopepuka.
Kotero zikondwererozo zimakhala zosiyana pang'ono ngati duwa lopangira ndi maluwa achilengedwe. Kuchokera patali onse amawoneka ofanana. Koma mukayandikira kwambiri, duwa lochita kupanga limakhala loyipa kwambiri. Thupi lake lonse limasinthidwa mwadala kuti ligwirizane ndi zomwe akuyenera kukwaniritsa. Koma pachimake chake sichikukhudzana ndi duwa ndi uthenga wake waumulungu wachikondi.
Koma ndi maluwa achilengedwe ndi zikondwerero za m'Baibulo mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito microscope ndikupitirizabe kudabwa ndi zokongola. Chotero, choyikapo nyali cha Hanukkah n’chogwirizana kwambiri ndi Menorah ya m’Baibulo ndipo nthaŵi zonse chagogomezera chowonadi chozama cha m’Baibulo chosonyezedwa m’madalitso atatu onenedwa pamene makandulo akuyatsidwa:
1. “Wodalitsika ndinu, Yehova Mulungu wathu, Mfumu ya dziko lapansi, amene munatiyeretsa ife ndi malamulo ake, ndi kutilamulira kuti tiyatse nyali yopatulika.” Kodi ndi Mkristu uti lerolino amene akulolabe kuyeretsedwa ndi malamulo a Mulungu? Ochepa kwambiri. Kodi timayatsa magetsi kulikonse komwe tikupita? Ndipo osati kuwala kulikonse, koma kuwala kumene kumapangitsa kachisi wathu (ife monga ana a Mulungu ndi mpingo wa Mulungu) kuwala mu chiyero chaumulungu?
2. “Wodalitsika ndinu, Yehova Mulungu wathu, Mfumu ya dziko lapansi, amene munachitira makolo athu zozizwa masiku aja, nthawi ino.” Dalitso limeneli limatikumbutsa kuti sitiyenera kuiwala mmene Mulungu amatikhudzira munthu aliyense payekha komanso monga anthu. watsogolera m'mbuyomu. Nkhani yake ndi anthu ake kuyambira pa chilengedwe kufika pa Chigumula, Eksodo, ukapolo wa ku Babulo, Maccabees ndi kubwera kwa Mesiya kupyolera mu mbiri ya Reformation ndi Advent mpaka lero ndi kupitiriza kuti, mosasamala kanthu za zovuta ndi zovuta zonse. sikuwononga kungakhale. Koma Khrisimasi imaimira anthu amene “anakwawira” ( Yuda 4 ) kutanthauza “iye amene wakhala m’kachisi wa Mulungu ngati Mulungu, n’kudzionetsera kuti ndi Mulungu.” ( 2 Atesalonika 2,4:XNUMX ) Mawuwa amatanthauza “amene akukhala m’kachisi wa Mulungu.” Chikondwerero chomwe kwenikweni chikuyimira chikhalidwe chosiyana kwambiri ndi filosofi chadzikulunga mu mwinjiro wachikhristu. M’menemo, Yesu akupembedzedwa m’gawo la moyo wake wapadziko lapansi pamene sanathe kuwunikira kapena kufotokoza makhalidwe a Mulungu ndi kukwaniritsa ntchito yake mocheperapo poyerekezera ndi zaka zitatu za utumiki wake, kukhudzika kwake ndi utumiki wake pambuyo pa kuukitsidwa kwake kufikira ku dziko lapansi. masiku ano kufananiza Chifukwa poyamba sanali wosiyana monga khanda kuposa ana ambiri aumunthu: osauka, opanda thandizo, munthu ngati inu ndi ine.
3. “Wodalitsika Inu, Yehova Mulungu wathu, Mfumu ya dziko lapansi, amene munatipatsa moyo, kutisamalira, ndi kutifikitsa pa nthawi ino.” Mulungu ali ndi dongosolo kwa ife. Iye amafuna kutigwiritsanso ntchito ngati zounikira masiku ano! Hanukkah imadzutsa funso la kachisi. ali kuti lero Kodi chozizwitsa cha kuwala chikuchitika kuti lero? Ayuda ambiri sangayankhe motsimikiza pa zimenezi. Koma ngati mukumudziwa Yesu, Hanukkah imakupangitsani kuganiza.
Zikondwerero zachisangalalo zimakondweretsedwa pakati pa mabanja ndi mabwenzi madzulo a Hanukkah. Masana mumagwira ntchito yanu yanthawi zonse. Madzulo, komabe, pali makeke okoma amafuta, ma donuts ndi zikondamoyo za mbatata. Anthu amaimba nyimbo zapadera za Hanukkah ndipo amakumana m’sunagoge kapena panja kuti autse magetsi. Mapemphero amanenedwa, nkhani ya Hanukkah imanenedwa, masewera amaseweredwa. Panthawi imeneyi, anthu amakhala owolowa manja komanso okonzeka kupereka. Mphatso zimasinthidwa. Masalmo 30, 67 ndi 91 ndi otchuka kwambiri kunenedwa pa Hanukkah.
Kufanana kowonekera pakati pa Khrisimasi ndi Hanukkah kumachokera ku chenicheni chakuti zonsezo ndi zikondwerero. Phwando lawo la khalidwe lowala limawonekera makamaka m'madera athu a kumpoto m'miyezi yamdima yachisanu. Nehemiya amalimbikitsa kale zakumwa zotsekemera ndi zakudya zamafuta pamasiku a phwando (Nehemiya 8,10:XNUMX). Mfundo yakuti sikuyenera kukazinga kapena kukazinga, kuyeretsedwa kapena kutsekemera kumamveka bwino kwa munthu aliyense wosamala zaumoyo ndipo amawalola kuti apange luso.
Mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, ziyenera kutanthauza chinachake chimene Yesu palibe paliponse anatipempha kuti tizikondwerera tsiku lake lobadwa, pamene anatipempha momveka bwino kuti tichite phwando lina: Mgonero wa Ambuye, kumene tiyenera kukumbukira imfa yake yansembe...
Ndipo akumva bwanji za Hanukkah?
Mawu amene anakamba pa Hanukkah analembedwa mu Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane wakuti: ‘Mu Yerusalemu munali madyerero a kutsegulira kachisi; ndipo inali nyengo yachisanu.” ( Yohane 10,22:30 ) Mawu amenewa ali pakati pa mawu onena za M’busa Wabwino. Na tenepo, iye amalisira cipfundziso cace cidapereka iye kubulukira mu ndzidzi wa Phwando ya Misasa mu caka XNUMX AD. Chotero, miyezi yoŵerengeka chabe imfa yake isanachitike, Yesu anatengamo mbali m’mapwando a Madyerero a Misasa ndi Hanukkah.
Uthenga umene analengeza panthaŵi ya kukhala ku Yerusalemu ndi wochititsa chidwi:
Pa Phwando la Misasa: »Ich bin kuunika kwa dziko lapansi amene ali wanga amatsatira, sadzayenda mumdima, koma adzakhala kuunika kwa Malonda ( Yohane 8,12:XNUMX ) Pakuti panalinso mwambo wounikira pa Phwando la Misasa, pamene pa nthawi ya nsembe yamadzulo anayatsa nyale ziŵiri zazitali m’bwalo kuti ziunikire Yerusalemu yense ndi mwakutero kukumbukira lawi lamoto limene linabweretsa. Israeli kuchokera mu Igupto akanatero.
Patangotha miyezi iwiri ku Hanukkah anati:Ich bin m'busa wabwino^Nkhosa zanga zimva liwu langa, ndipo Ine ndimazidziwa izo, ndipo izo folgen Nditsateni; ndipo ndidzazipereka kwamuyaya Leben.« ( Yohane 10,11.27:28, 5,14-XNUMX ) Ndi mawu aŵiri ameneŵa, Yesu anavumbula chinsinsi cha ulaliki wa paphiri wakuti: “Inu ndinu kuunika kwa dziko.” ( Mateyu XNUMX:XNUMX ) Chifukwa tsopano zinafotokozedwa mmene zimenezi zinalili. zikhoza kuchitika. Tikhoza kukhala kuunika kwa dziko lapansi ngati tizindikira kuunika kwa Mulungu mwa Yesu ndi kumutsata m’malo opatulika a kumwamba, ngakhale ku malo opatulika a kumwamba, kumva mawu ake ndi kulandira moyo wake.
Ndi ichi, Yesu anavumbula tanthauzo lakuya la chikondwerero cha kuunika ndi kupatulira Hanukkah. Ngakhale kuti zinayambira m’nthaŵi zapakati pa Israyeli, pamene liwu laulosi linali chete, chikondwererochi chimasungabe chamoyo chikumbukiro chakuti ngakhale m’nthaŵi yamdima ino, Mulungu sanasiye anthu ake ndi kachisi wake, koma anachita chozizwitsa kuti abwezeretse utumiki wa pakachisi kuti usungidwe kwa anthu ake. kudza koyamba kwa Mesiya wake. Nthambi zisanu ndi ziwiri za candelabra zinayakanso, kachisi adapatulidwanso. Chotero Phwando la Hanukka linaneneratu za kubwera kwa Yesu monga kuunika kowona kwa dziko pafupifupi zaka 200 pambuyo pake, ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa kachisi wapadziko lapansi kumene iye akachita kuchiyambi ndi mapeto a utumiki wake padziko lapansi, ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa malo opatulika akumwamba. zimenezo zikanatsogolera kubwerera kwake.
Mogwirizana ndi zimenezi, Hanukkah ilinso ndi uthenga wa nthaŵi yotsiriza wakuti: Kupambana kwa Amakabeo pa Antiochus kunali chithunzithunzi cha chipambano cha Kukonzanso kwa Bwalo la Inquisition ndi maitanidwe odzipatulira a angelo atatu, amene posakhalitsa pambuyo pake ndipo mpaka lerolino akuitana anthu onse okhalamo. za dziko lapansi kukhala ophunzira osanyengerera.
Makandulo amayatsidwa ku Hanukkah. Zimenezi zikugwirizana ndi lamulo la m’Baibulo lakuti: “Ndidzakusunga ndi kupanga pangano la anthu, kuwala kwa amitundu, kutsegula maso a akhungu, kutulutsa amene anamangidwa m’ndende, ndi kuwatulutsa m’ndende. kuti mukhale chipulumutso changa ku malekezero a dziko lapansi!” ( Yesaya 42,6.7:49,6; 58,8:60,1 ) “Pamenepo kuunika kwanu kudzatulukira ngati m’bandakucha.” ( Yesaya XNUMX:XNUMX ) “Pamenepo kuunika kwanu kudzatulukira.” “Nyamuka, uwale! Pakuti kuunika kwako kudzafika, ndi ulemerero wa Yehova udzakutulukira.”—Yesaya XNUMX:XNUMX.
Kubweretsa kuunikaku sikungangokhala makandulo okha. Anthu amafunikira kuwala mumdima kuti asapunthwe ndi kutaya njira yawo. Nzomvetsa chisoni chotani nanga pamene anthu amangoyatsa magetsi ochita kupanga koma kukhala mumdima mkati mwake!
Hanukkah imandikopa! Bwanji osaika maganizo athu pa chikondwerero cha Hanukkah chimene chinanyalanyazidwa? Zoyikapo nyali za Hanukkah ndizosavuta kuyitanitsa pa intaneti. Nkhani za m’Baibulo zokambitsirana madzulo n’zosavuta kuzipeza. Bwanji osaphatikizirapo chikondwererochi mpaka kalekale m’ndandanda yathu yapachaka? Imatiuza zambiri za Mulungu wathu ndi Ambuye wathu Yesu. Mwina kwatsala pang'ono chaka chino. Koma December wamawa adzabweradi.
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